Unit 3　Back to the past

　第三层级——背范文、学润色，让作文洋气十足

(2013·江苏高考)请根据你对以下两幅图的理解，以“Actions Speak Louder than Words”为题，用英语写一篇作文。21*cnjy*com
参考词汇： banner (横幅)　stump (树桩)
你的作文应包括以下内容：
1．简要描述两幅图的内容；
2．概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解；
3．举例说明两幅图对你的启示。
注意：
1．可参照图片适当发挥；
2．作文词数150 左右；
3．作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
Actions Speak Louder than Words
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Actions Speak Louder than Words
People celebrate Earth Day differently.In picture 1, a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps (过去分词作定语), but in vain, while picture 2 shows a couple happily planting trees (while引导的并列句)．
The message conveyed here (过去分词作定语) is clear: “Actions speak louder than words.” Our earth is suffering severe damage.Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect it? The answer is definitely the latter.Immediate action should be taken (被动句式), like stopping cutting down trees, to better the environment.
Actions are important in other fields, too.Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need (it为形式主语)．
Actions Speak Louder than Words
Look at the pictures above.In picture 1, a man is hanging a banner, which_says_“HAPPY_EARTH DAY” (写着“快乐的地球日”。使用定语从句) with many cut stumps standing around.In picture 2, a couple is planting a tree on their own to celebrate the Earth Day.It_is_obvious_that_the_smile_covers_their_faces_all_the_time (很明显，他们一直笑容可掬。使用it作形式主语)．In my opinion, compared to the man in picture 1, the couple in picture 2 contributes more to environment protection undoubtedly.
In contemporary society, we_have_been_advocating the_good_qualities_of_humans_such_as_respect_and_helpfulness (我们一直在倡导诸如尊重和互助这样的人类美德。使用现在完成进行时)．But the fact is that we have done so little.So_indifferent_have_we_become (我们已经变得如此漠不关心。使用倒装句式) that we choose to ignore people who need help when_walking_by (路过时。使用省略句式)．The phenomenon that we don't respect the elderly any longer is common, too.All these remind us to take action to remain the precious characteristics, not just by words.It_is_the_action,_rather_than_words_that really_matters (重要的是行动，而不是话语。使用强调句式).



(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．With their natural resources they are potentially a very wealthy (富有的) country.
2．Founded (创建) in 1935 in Ohio, Alcoholics Anonymous is now a worldwide organization.
3．Huge areas of rainforest are being destroyed (毁坏) every year by multinational companies seeking quick profits.21教育名师原创作品
4．Why does Nancy always flee (逃避) any kind of responsibility?
5．The flower mangers have decorated (装饰) the church beautifully for the ceremony.
6．Mexicans celebrate September 16, the day when Mexico declared (宣布) independence from Spain.
7．Without saying a word, Anna took hold of my arm and marched (前进) me off to the headmaster's office.
8．The sweat was pouring (倾泻) down her face by the end of the race.
9．The gloves were designed for extremely (极度地，极端地) cold climates.
10．The plane crashed, its bombs exploding (爆炸) as it hit the ground.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The picture quality is bad because the TV signal isn't powerful (power) enough.
2．Enough rest and proper diet have brought back her strength gradually (gradual)．
3．Honestly speaking, it was my teacher's influence that made me finally take up my present career as a biology researcher (research)．
4．The unfortunate (fortunate) animal was locked inside the house for a week.
5．Opening the door, I saw the remains (remain) of a half-eaten meal were still on the table.
6．It's better to give expression (express) to your anger, rather than hiding it.
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．Under the pressure of the public, the judge had to change his judgement  at last; the murderer was sentenced to death.(judge)
2．It is time someone made him aware of the effects of his actions.If so, he can gradually raise public moral awareness.(aware)
3．He got a little education because of poverty, so he always educates his children to value the chance of study.(educate)


1．Miss Smith is leaving to get married and Miss Jones will be taking_over (接管) the class.
2．—Did you have a good time yesterday, Jane?
—Yes. As you know, the party went_on (进行) in a most pleasant atmosphere.
3．The inside of the house is in_good_condition (状况良好), but its outside is in need of repair.
4．It is more difficult to carry_out (实施) a plan than to think one out. Just as you know, saying is one thing and doing another.
5．I'm surprised you haven't had_enough_of (对……感到厌烦) him, yet I found him very boring.
6．Asian Americans can help break_down (消除) many cultural barriers to the success of American companies in Asia.
7．A typical financial crisis can be_divided_into (被划分为) several stages.
8．Columbia, as can be easily guessed, was named in_memory_of (为了纪念) Columbus, who discovered America in 1492, even though he never actually set foot on the land.
9．I came_down_with (患) a cold that forced me to slow down my training.
10．Increasingly, over the past ten years, people have become_aware_of (意识到) the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat is not good for health.

【短语归纳】
1．have enough of　　　　　　 对……感到厌烦
2．break down   分解，失败；崩溃，抛锚
3．go on   进行，继续
4．be divided into   被划分为……
5．take over   夺取，接管
6．be/become aware of   意识到
7．in good condition   状况良好
8．carry out   执行，实施
9．in memory of   纪念
10．rise up against   起义
11．stand in one's turn   阻碍(某人)
12．come down with   患(病)


1．Near the city was a volcano.
离该城不远处有一座火山。
[解读]　near the city 介词短语位于句首，句子使用了全部倒装。
[仿写]　桌下躺着一个半昏迷的年轻人。
Under_the_table_was_lying a half-conscious young man.
2．The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand — what a pity!
这片沙漠曾经是绿树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，那导致这座城市被沙尘埋葬——多么遗憾啊！
[解读]　the city being buried by sand 为动名词的复合结构作resulted in的宾语。
[仿写]　我对小郭斌被伤害而感到难过。
I felt sad at little Guo Bin being_hurt.
3．In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with 1,177 men on board.
在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。
[解读]　with 1,177 men on board 为with复合结构，在句中作状语。
[仿写]　在那个男孩的带领下，我们很容易就找到了那个地方。
We found the place very easily with_the_boy_leading_the_way.




一、常考词汇细点拨
1．flee vt. & vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
[教材原句]　It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.
原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。
flee (from) ...　　　　　　　 (从……)逃跑
flee to/into ...   逃往……，逃到……
flee for one's life   逃命
flee to safety   逃到安全的地方
①He said it was not the first time fighting in Burma had forced villagers to flee to Thailand and would not be the last.
他说缅甸战火迫使村民逃往泰国不是第一次，也不会是最后一次。
②People fled_for_their_lives in panic as the building caught fire.
当大楼着火时，人们惊慌逃命。
2．ruin n．[C](pl.)废墟，遗迹；[U]毁坏，毁灭，崩溃 vt.破坏；毁灭；使破产
[教材原句]　A scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.
当地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，欧洲探险家斯文·海定发现了楼兰王国的遗址。
①To cultivate a person needs decades, but to ruin a person needs only a few days.
培养一个人需要几十年的时间，但毁掉一个人只需要几天的时间。
(1)come/go to ruin 　　　 毁灭，灭亡；落空
in ruins   成为废墟，破败不堪
fall into ruin   灭亡，荒废
bring ...to ruin   使毁灭，使落空
(2)ruin one's hope(s)   使某人的希望破灭
②A large number of churches fell into ruin after the earthquake.
地震过后，许多教堂都被毁了。
③Years of fighting has left the area in_ruins.
几年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
3．remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸；剩余物
[经典例句]　She fed the remains of her lunch to the dog.(牛津P1462)
她把剩下的午饭喂狗了。
(1)the remains of ...　　　 ……的遗迹
(2)remain v.   留下；仍然是
remain ＋ 形容词/名词/分词/介词短语  保持……
remain to be done   有待于被做
(3)remaining adj.   剩余的
①It was a challenging time for everyone, but Dad remained optimistic.(2013·天津高考完形)
对大家来说那是挑战的时刻，但父亲却非常乐观。
②She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，她还是站着。
③There is one problem remaining_to_be_solved.
有一个问题尚待解决。
[名师指津]　(1)remaining通常作前置定语，而left作“剩下的”讲时，在句中作后置定语。the money left/the remaining money剩下的钱。
(2)remain用作不及物动词，只用于主动语态，不可直接跟宾语。
(3)remain作系动词用，后面接名词、形容词、介词短语、分词等作表语。
[联想归纳]　写出下列名词复数形式的汉语意思
①ruins废墟　　　②pains操劳
③ashes灰烬  ④sufferings苦难
⑤fires火灾  ⑥floods洪灾，涝灾
[链接高考]
(2012·浙江高考)No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better ________ silent.
A．remain　　　　　　　 B．be remaining
C．having remained   D．to remain
解析：选D　句意：不管你多么能言善辩，但有时候还是保持沉默更好。该题考查“it is＋形容词＋to do sth.”这一句型，句中to remain silent“保持沉默”是真正的主语，it是形式主语。
4．complain vi.抱怨
[教材原句]　One complained that the room was not clean and that it was not very comfortable either.
有人抱怨说房间不干净而且也很不舒适。
(1)complain (to sb.) about/of sth./that ... (向某人)抱怨……
complain of sth.     诉说(病痛等)
(2)complaint n.     抱怨；投诉
make a complaint against/about ...     对……进行投诉
①She complained that no one had been at the airport to meet her.
她抱怨没有人去机场接她。
②Astronomers — scientists who study stars and planets — have been complaining about this problem for decades.(2013·天津高考阅读B)
天文学家——研究恒星、行星的科学家——一直抱怨这个问题长达十多年。
③I am now writing to make a complaint against/about the service of your hotel.
我写此信意在投诉贵宾馆的服务。
[链接高考]
(2011·上海高考)It's no use ________ without taking any action.
A．complain   B．complaining
C．being complained   D．to be complained
解析：选B　句意：只是抱怨而不采取任何行动是没用的。根据固定句型It's no use doing sth.“做某事没有意义”可知选B。
5．declare vt.宣布；宣告；宣称；声明
[教材原句]　The next day, US President Franklin Roosevelt declared war against Japan.
第二天，美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福对日本宣战。
(1)declare that ...　　　　　 宣布……
declare sb./sth.(to be) ...   宣布某人/某物……
declare for/against ...   公开表示支持/反对……
declare war on/against   对……宣战
(2)declaration n． 宣布，宣言，宣告，声明；申报，声明(书)
①Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional (情感的) attitudes.(2013·辽宁高考阅读C)
一些科学家宣称我们大多数的疲劳来自于精神和情感态度。
②His actions declared him (to be) an honest man.
他的行动说明他是个老实人。
③The workers declared_for the offer of a pay increase.
工人们拥护提高工资的提议。
[熟词生义]　猜测句中declare的含义
④It is hoped that government officials declare all they have earned in a year, which is thought to be helpful to prevent corruption.
A．宣告　　B．申报　　C．声明
答案：B
6．aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的
[高考佳句]　Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.(2013·天津高考阅读B)
Emerald Valley是唯一一个意识到光污染负面影响的社区。
(1)be/become aware of　　　　　 知道/感觉到
be aware that ...   知道……；意识到
make sb.aware of   使某人意识到
so/as far as I am aware   就我所知
(2)awareness n.   认识，意识
①Smokers are perfectly aware of the dangers of smoking, but most of them simply can't get rid of it.
吸烟者完全知道吸烟的危害，但大多数只是无法戒掉它。
②Their sudden attack made us more aware_of_the_danger around us.
他们的突然攻击使我们更清醒地意识到我们周围的危险。
③As far as I am aware, they are a happy couple.
据我所知，他们是幸福的一对。
[名师指津]　(1)aware一般用作表语或宾语补足语，不作定语。
(2)常用actually, perfectly, well, quite等副词修饰aware，意思是“非常清楚，完全知道”，但不用very修饰。
[联想归纳]　不用very修饰的形容词还有：
asleep,_afraid,_able等。
7．judge n．法官，审判员；裁判员 v．判断；审判；裁判
[教材原句]　At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions.
在审讯中，他问法官更多的问题来为自己辩护。
①If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)www-2-1-cnjy-com
如果我们以自己的文化习惯去判断他人，我们有可能犯“读”不懂他人的错误。
judge ...from/by ...　　 根据……来判断……
judge sb./sth.to be ...   判断某人/事……
judging by/from ...   根据……来判断……
so/as far as I can judge   依我判断
②I advise you to turn a deaf ear to all those rumours and do what you judge to be right.
我劝你别去理会那些谣言，你认为对的就去做。
③Judging_by/from the response of the audience, the performance was quite a success.
从观众的反应看来，这次演出相当成功。
[名师指津]　judging from/by 常看作是固定短语，在句子中一般作状语，即独立成分，judging不能换成judged。【出处：21教育名师】
[一言串记]　Judging from his clothes, I judge that he is a judge.
从他的服装判断，我断定他是个法官。
二、间考词汇自识记
1．pour vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)
①pour into　　　　　　　 涌入
②pour out   倒出；倾吐，尽情地诉说
She poured out her troubles to me over a cup of coffee.
她一面喝着咖啡，一面向我倾吐着她的烦恼。
2．explode vi.爆炸，(愤怒等)发作vt.引起爆炸
explode with/into sth.勃然(大怒)；突然爆发；迸发(感情)
We all exploded into wild laughter when hearing the news.
听到这个消息，我们都一下子大笑起来。
3．extreme adj.极度的；极端的n.极端，极度，极限
[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　                         
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·南京一中模拟)The purpose of the campaign is to raise the public's ________ of the dangers of passive smoking.
A．existence   B．connection
C．awareness  D．consciousness
解析：选C　句意：这次活动的目的是为了提高大众对于被动吸烟的危险的意识。existence“存在”；connection“联系”；awareness“意识”；consciousness“知觉”。
2．(2014·亳州高三检测)Social workers were horrified by this ________ case of cruelty.
A．strong   B．extreme
C．entire   D．strange
解析：选B　句意：社工人员被这一极其残酷的事例惊呆了。strong“强烈的”；extreme“极度的；极端的”；entire“全部的”；strange“奇怪的，陌生的”。
3．(2014·南通一模)Shoppers fled the street in panic after two bombs ________ in central London.21cnjy.com
A．employed   B．explored
C．exploited   D．exploded
解析：选D　句意：两枚炸弹在伦敦市中心爆炸之后，购物者惊慌失措地逃离了那条街。employ“雇用”；explore“勘探，探测”；exploit“开发，开拓”；explode“爆炸”。结合句意选D。
4．(2014·徐州高三模拟)The story of Whitney Houston is a good example of how drugs and bad relationships can ________ even the most talented stars.
A．murder   B．confine
C．ruin   D．suspect
解析：选C　句意：惠特尼·休斯敦的故事是一个很好的例子，说明吸毒和遇人不淑可以毁掉哪怕是最具天赋的明星。根据句意可知选C项“毁灭，毁掉”。
5．(2014·安徽四校联考)At the conference the Chinese foreign minister ________ his opinion that China was strongly against the terrorism.
A．declared   B．announced
C．stated   D．showed
解析：选C　句意：在大会上，中国外交部长陈述说中国强烈反对恐怖主义。state在此表示“陈述”之意。declare与announce都是“宣布”之意，可以被排除。
6．(2014·永州一模)He ________ to London after he had an argument with his family.
A．had fled   B．has fled
C．fled   D．was fled
解析：选C　句意：他与家人争吵以后离家去了伦敦。根据从句时态及句意可知用一般过去时，注意flee无被动语态。
7．(2014·淮安高三模拟)My family ________ that I should apply for the job, but it doesn't appeal to me.
A．complained   B．urged
C．forecasted   D．admitted
解析：选B　句意：我的家人极力主张我去申请那份工作，但我却对此不感兴趣。urge表示“极力主张，强烈要求”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
Ⅱ.多维演练
题组1　remain点点练
1．用remain的适当形式填空
①His remains were buried in the churchyard.
②She left with the remaining 20 dollars.
③In spite of their quarrel, they remained the best friends.
④Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.
2．(2014·德州一模)I made every effort to get the car out of the mud, but it remained ________ there.
A．sticking   B．to be stuck
C．stuck   D．to have stuck
解析：选C　句意：我尽力想把车从泥中弄出来，但车仍然陷在那里。it与stick为被动关系，排除A、D两项；B项表示将来；C项表示完成，符合题意。
题组2　judge面面观
1．用judge及相关短语的适当形式填空
Judging_from what he said, he must be an honest man. On the contrary, he often robs and steals, so the judge pointed out that we should not judge a man by his looks.
2．(2014·苏北四市调研)________from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
A．Judging　   B．Judged
C．Having judged   D．Being judged
解析：选A　句意：根据车子的数量来判断，他认为俱乐部里还没有多少人。judging from 是固定短语，表示“根据……来判断”。

1．take over 夺取；接替；接管
[教材原句]　In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii.
公元前89年，罗马人占据了庞贝。
①His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.
他投资这家公司的唯一原因就是接管它。
②Would you like me to_take_over (the driving) for a while?
你愿意让我接替你(开)一会儿(车)吗？
take off　　　　　 起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；开始获得成功
take in   吸收；欺骗；理解
take out   拿出，掏出；把……带出去
take down   记录下来；拆除
take up   拿起；占用；开始(从事)
take on   承担；呈现；雇用
③As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.(2013·重庆高考阅读C)
随着车轮的设计开始成功，车辆变得越来越快。
④With economy recovering, more and more workers are taken_on.
随着经济的恢复，越来越多的工人受到雇用。
[链接高考]
(2013·辽宁高考)Briggs will ________ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A．get away   B．take over 
C．set off   D．run out
解析：选B　句意：米切尔退休时布里格斯将接任总经理职务。take over“接管，接收”，符合句意。get away“脱身”；set off“出发”；run out“用完”。21·世纪*教育网
2．in memory of 纪念
[教材原句]　In memory of the Americans who died in the attack, a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor just above the remains of the Arizona.
为了纪念在这次突袭中死去的美国人，人们在珍珠港战舰亚利桑那号沉船的遗址建了一座国家纪念馆。
①A monument has been set up in memory of their dear teacher.
为了纪念他们敬爱的老师，他们已经竖起了一块纪念碑。
in honor of　　　　　 向……表示敬意，为了纪念……
in search of   寻找
in terms of   就……而言
in need/want of   需要
in favor of   赞同，有利于
in charge of   负责，掌管
in place of   代替
②Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help.www.21-cn-jy.com
当有人需要帮助的时候，行动胜于言语。
③The candidate stood aside in_favour_of a more suitable man.
那位候选人退出竞选，把机会让给一位更合适的人。
3．no doubt 无疑，确实
[经典例句]　No doubt she'll call us when she gets there.(牛津P511)
她到达那儿时必定会给我们打电话。
①No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way.
他确实是想帮忙，然而事实上却只是帮倒忙。
[名师指津]　doubt可以用作名词或动词，后接名词性从句时，疑问句和否定句用连词that；肯定句一般用连词whether, if, what, when等。
②There's some doubt whether he has the ability to do the job.
他是否有能力做这项工作有些疑问。
③I doubt_whether/if I can finish the work on time.
我怀疑我能否按时完成工作。
[短语对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　                               
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．亨利从年迈的父亲手里接管了自家的公司。
Henry has_taken_over the running of the family firm from his old father.
2．人们建立了纪念碑来纪念那位小英雄。
The monument was built in_memory_of the little hero.
3．常常是制订计划容易，执行计划难。
 It is often easier to make plans than to carry_them_out.
4．上周幼儿园的许多孩子都患了流行性感冒。
Many children in the kindergarten came_down_with the flu last week.
5．毫无疑问政府采取的这些措施将会有助于经济的好转。
There_is_no_doubt_that the measures taken by the government will help the economy improve.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·江苏南通中学高三质检)I never doubted ________ you could succeed in setting a new world record.
A．whether   B．if
C．that   D．what
解析：选C　谓语动词doubt前有否定词never修饰，所以要用that引导后面的宾语从句。
2．(2014·郑州高三质量预测)Due to the policy of free highway fees on major holidays, too many passenger cars are trapped on the highways, causing heavy traffic jams, some even ________ for several hours.
A．held up   B．broken up
C．taken up   D．given up
解析：选A　句意：由于在重大节日里高速公路免费的政策，太多私家车被困在了高速公路上，造成严重的交通阻塞，有的甚至被阻止了好几个小时。hold up“阻止，举起”；break up“打碎；分解”；take up“从事”；give up“放弃”。
3．(2014·常州模拟)The newly-discovered star was named ________ a Chinese astronomer ________ his contributions to astronomy.
A．for; in favour of   B．after; in honour of
C．by; in memory of   D．as; in praise of
解析：选B　句意：这个新发现的星以一个中国天文学家而命名，以表达他对天文学所做贡献的敬意。name after为固定搭配，意为“以……来命名”；in honour of“为向……表示敬意”。

1．The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the_city_being_buried_by_sand — what a pity!
这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，那导致这座城市被沙尘埋葬——多么遗憾啊！
本句是并列句，resulted in后面的宾语the city being buried by sand是动名词的复合结构，city与bury之间存在被动关系，故用being buried。在动名词的复合结构中，其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格来充当。
①Tom's refusing to accept the invitation upset me.
汤姆拒绝接受邀请让我很生气。
②The accident led to five people being killed, including a child.
那起事故导致五人丧生，包括一个孩子。
③I can't imagine Mary's_marrying such a young man.
我无法想象玛丽嫁给这样的年轻人。
[名师指津]　如果动名词的复合结构作主语，其逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
④His_being_late_for the meeting made the schoolmaster very angry.
他开会迟到让校长很生气。
2．In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with_1,177_men_on_board.
在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。
句中with 1,177 men on board为with复合结构，在句中作状语。
?1?“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”在语法上常被称为“with复合结构”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况。,?2?“with复合结构”常作伴随、方式、原因、时间、条件等状语，也可以作定语。,?3?在“with复合结构”中，作宾语的可以是名词或代词，作宾语补足语的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式或分词。
①With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops.(原因状语)
由于所有的工作都是由机器来完成，他们将很快收完庄稼。
②With_spring_coming_on,_trees turn green.(时间状语)
春天到了，树变绿了。
③The child with only a shirt on was trembling with cold.(后置定语)
只穿着一件衬衫的那个孩子冻得直发抖。
[名师指津]　在“with复合结构”中，要特别注意宾语和宾语补足语之间的逻辑关系，根据主动(现在分词)、被动(过去分词)、表示将来(不定式)等区别来选择正确的补足语形式。
[链接高考]
(2012·辽宁高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ them.
A．to follow　　　　　　　　 B．following
C．followed   D．follows
解析：选B　with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式或名词等作宾语补足语，此处pet dog与follow构成主动关系，所以用following。不定式表示动作尚未发生，故排除A。
[句型对点集训]                     　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　        
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．You have no idea how she finished the relay race with her foot wounded (wound) so much.
2．He lay on the grass with his eyes looking (look) at the sky.
3．With a lot of work to_do (do) this evening, I can't go to the cinema with you.
4．I insisted on my husband paying (pay) the bill.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·苏南五校高三联考)At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ________ could be heard outside the classroom.
A．opened and closed
B．to be opened and closed
C．being opened and closed
D．to open and close
解析：选C　句意：刚上课时，开关课桌的声音在教室外就能听见。desks being opened and closed为动名词的复合结构，在句中作介词of的宾语。版权所有
2．(2014·合肥八中模拟)Weibo is like a public network, with people ________ information publicly; whatever they say or publish can be seen by everybody.
A．shared   B．sharing
C．to share   D．share
解析：选B　句意：微博像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息，不管他们说什么、发布什么，大家都可以看到。在with复合结构中，people与share是逻辑上的主动关系，因此这里用现在分词表示主动。不定式常表将来。
3．(2014·盐城中学高三检测)The boss came into the office, with his eyes ________ on me.
A．keeps   B．fixed
C．fixing   D．keeping
解析：选B　eyes与fix之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语，故选B。

宾语补足语和主谓一致
1．(2014·陕西宝鸡质量检测)The number of historic buildings which ________ has reached a surprising figure that we must be aware of.
A．has been pulled down
B．had been pulled down
C．is being pulled down
D．have been pulled down
解析：选D　句意：我们必须意识到，已被拆毁的历史建筑的数量惊人。主语部分含有一个which引导的定语从句，先行词是buildings，因此从句中的谓语应该用复数形式。再根据句意可知，此处用现在完成时，表示“已经被拆毁的”。2·1·c·n·j·y
2．(2013·江苏天一中学模拟)Either the judge or the lawyers ________ wrong on the case at that moment.
A．is   B．are
C．were   D．was
解析：选C　句意：那时，在这件案子上，不是法官错就是律师们错了。并列主语由either ...or ...连接时，谓语应与最邻近的主语的数保持一致，根据题干中or后的the lawyers和at that moment可知，应选C。
3．(2014·徐州第一次模拟)—Do you think you could get this package ________ for me, please?
—No problem!
A．to mail   B．mailed
C．mailing   D．mail
解析：选B　mail与package之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语，构成get sth.done结构。
4．(2014·安庆高三检测)If I catch you ________ again, I shall make you ________ in after school ________ some extra work.
A．cheat; stay; to do   B．cheating; stay; to do
C．to cheat; to stay; to do   D．cheat; stay; doing
解析：选B　第一空和第二空分别考查catch sb. doing sth.“抓住某人正在做某事”，make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，doing和do分别用作宾语补足语；第三空考查不定式作目的状语。
5．(2014·湖南六校联考)—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area ________ invited.
A．were   B．have been
C．has been   D．was
解析：选D　根据问句可知用一般过去时态，排除B、C两项。当and连接几个主语，主语由each, every, no, many a等词修饰时，谓语动词要用单数。

A卷
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·合肥四校联考)The jobless rate remains ________ at 9.6 percent, and the president says more work is needed.
A．to stick　　　　　　　　　 B．to be stuck
C．sticking   D．stuck
解析：选D　句意：失业率仍然停留在9.6%，总统表示，还需要更多的努力。此处为过去分词作表语，remain为系动词。注意，stuck已经形容词化，表示“卡住的，无法移动的，动不了的”。

2．(2014·泰州调研)It's certain that their only child will ________ the big business when the couple get old.
A．hand over   B．take over
C．go over   D．get over
解析：选B　句意：当这对夫妻年老的时候，他们唯一的孩子肯定会接管他们的大企业。hand over“移交”；take over“接管”；go over“仔细检查”；get over“克服”。
3．(2014·山西省六校联考)He expressed doubt ________ Britain really wanted full membership.
A.what   B．that
C．which   D．whether
解析：选D　句意：他怀疑英国是否真正想取得完全的会员国资格。分析句子结构可知，“Britain really wanted full membership”为同位语从句，说明“doubt”的内容，根据句意可知应用whether引导，表示“是否”。21·cn·jy·com
4．(2014·太原高三模拟)The policeman declared that the blow on the boy's head ________ from behind.
A．should have been made   B．must have been made
C．would have been made   D．could have been made
解析：选B　句意：警察称男孩头部受到的重击肯定是从背后偷袭的。根据题干中的“declared(宣布)”可知，本句话强调的是表示推测的可能性大，故选B。在表示推测语气时，must表示推测的可能性最大。
5．(2014·蚌埠教学质量检查)You shouldn't have the machines ________ all the while. You ought to have them ________ now and then.
A．run; to repair   B．running; repairing
C．run; repaired   D．running; repaired
解析：选D　如果宾语和宾语补足语之间为动宾关系，宾语补足语用动词的过去分词形式。如果为主谓关系，则可以用动词原形表动作的全过程或者用现在分词形式表示所处状态或正在进行的动作。此处是“使机器一直运转”，是主动而且正在进行的动作，故第一个空用running; them指代机器，与repair之间为被动关系，故第二个空用repaired。
6．(2014·长沙一中模拟)It snowed continuously for seven days, completely ________ our holiday.
A．ruined   B．to ruin
C．ruining   D．having ruined
解析：选C　句意：连续下了七天雪，完全毁了我们的假期。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处用v.-ing作结果状语。不定式作结果状语表示出人意料的结果，不合题意。
7．(2014·泰州检测)Although ________ to be the best in a recent science competition, the student remains modest.
A．judged   B．judging
C．judge   D．having judged
解析：选A　句意：虽然在最近的一次科学竞赛中被评为最佳，但是那位学生仍然保持谦虚(的态度)。根据句意可知，judge和主语the student为动宾关系，故用judge的过去分词形式。
8．(2014·江苏泗阳中学高三模拟)I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an ________ of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.
A．attitude   B．impression
C．appreciation   D．expression
解析：选D　句意：我给护士送去一大束鲜花以表谢意，感谢她在我爷爷住疗养院期间给予的悉心照顾。an expression of thanks是express one's thanks的变形。C项若能与题干构成“an appreciation of her taking good care of ...”结构，也可当选。
9．(2014·安徽联盟联考)The day before yesterday the police including one officer ________ searching for the murderer in that mountain.
A．is   B．are
C．was   D．were
解析：选D　句意：前天警察包括一个警官在山上搜捕那个杀人犯。police为集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；根据时间状语the day before yesterday可知应选D。
10．(2014·宿迁高三一模)Countries in Southeast Asia have ________ become familiar with Chinese brands, but there is still a long way to go.
A．instantly   B．gradually
C．actually   D．frequently
解析：选B　句意：东南亚国家逐渐熟悉中国品牌，但是(对于中国品牌来说)还有很长的路要走。gradually“逐渐地”，符合句意。
11．(2014·南通高三检测)Born in a very ________ family, the girl doesn't need to worry about food and has a lot of beautiful clothes to wear.
A．commercial   B．wealthy
C．deserted   D．modern
解析：选B　句意：出生在一个富有的家庭，这个女孩不必为饮食发愁，而且还有很多漂亮衣服穿。commercial“商业的”；wealthy“富有的”；deserted“无人居住的”；modern“现代的”。
12．(2014·江苏扬州中学模拟)Now more and more people are ________ of the danger of drinking and driving.
A．tired   B．aware
C．afraid   D．proud
解析：选B　句意：现在越来越多的人意识到饮酒驾驶的危险。be aware of ...“意识到……”，符合句意。be tired of ...“厌烦……”；be afraid of ...“害怕……”；be proud of ...“因……而自豪”。
13．(2014·湖南十二校二次联考)Every time someone comes to me ________， I can point out the positive side of life.
A．complaining   B．to be complaining
C．complained   D．complains
解析：选A　句意：每当有人向我抱怨时，我都会指出生活中积极的一面。someone与complain之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词短语作状语。
14．(2014·淮北高三检测)Ted never dreamt of ________ a chance for him to be sent abroad soon.
A．there being   B．there to be
C．there is   D．there having
解析：选A　介词of后用动名词作宾语，there be的动名词复合结构是there being。注意there be的动名词复合结构与独立主格结构在形式上相同，但用法不同。
15．(2014·山东潍坊五校高三下期中)—Have you been wasting time chatting online recently?
—________. I've been studying hard and I need a break.
A．Not really   B．Don't mention it
C．Not to worry   D．Never mind
解析：选A　根据空后内容可知，第二个说话人说他学习很努力，需要放松一下。Not really表示语气较弱的否定，意为“不完全是”；Don't mention it“不客气”，用于回应别人的感谢；Not to worry“不要担心”；Never mind“没关系，不用担心”，用于安慰对方。根据语境可知，答案为A。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2014·郴州第二次质检)Like any good mother, when Karen found out that another baby was on the way, she did what she could to help her 3-year-old son, Michael, prepare for a new baby. They find out that the new baby is going to be a girl, and day after day, night after night, Michael sings to his sister in Mommy's stomach.
Finally, Michael's little sister is born. But she is in serious condition. With alarm in the night, the ambulance rushes the infant to the neonatal (初生的) intensive care unit at St. Mary's Hospital, Knoxville, Tennessee. The days go by. The little girl gets worse. The pediatric (儿科的) specialist tells the parents , “There is very little hope. Be prepared for the worst.”
Karen and her husband contact a local cemetery about a burial plot. They have fixed up a special room in their home for the new baby, but now they plan a funeral. Michael keeps begging his parents to let him see his sister，“I want to sing to her，” he says.
Karen makes up her mind. She will take Michael whether they like it or not. If he doesn't see his sister now, he may never see her alive.
She dresses him in an oversized suit and marches him into ICU. He looks like a walking laundry basket, but the head nurse recognizes him as a child and shouts，“Get that kid out of here now! No children are allowed. Never disturb patients here.” The mother rises up strongly and says，“He is not leaving until he sings to his sister！”
Karen leads Michael to his sister's bedside. He gazes at the tiny infant losing the battle to live. And he begins to sing. In the pure hearted voice of a 3-year-old boy, Michael sings：“You are my sunshine, my only sunshine, you make me happy when skies are gray ...” Instantly the baby girl responds. The pulse rate becomes calm and steady.
The next day, the very next day, the little girl is well enough to go home! Woman's Day magazine called it “the miracle of a brother's song”. The medical staff just called it a miracle. Karen called it a miracle of God's love!
Never give up on the people you love.
语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个小男孩的歌声，奇迹般地挽救了病危中的妹妹的故事。
1．What may the underlined words “the infant” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The baby.   B．Karen.
C．Mary.   D．Michael.
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文的内容可知，Michael的妹妹终于出生了。但她的情况很糟。救护车连夜把她送到医院的新生儿重症监护室。因此，“the infant”指的就是Michael刚出生的妹妹，即the baby。故答案选A。根据倒数第二段第一、二句也可推出答案。
2．What do we know about the little sister after she was born?
A．She was driven to St. Mary's shop.
B．A doctor came to see her in her house.
C．She was very thin and couldn't speak.
D．She was in great danger.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Micheal的妹妹出生后情况很糟，被送到了新生儿重症监护室。一天天过去了，妹妹的情况却越来越糟糕了。儿科专家对她的父母下了病危通知。故答案选D。
3．Why did Karen firmly let little Michael see his sister in ICU?
A．Because he could make his sister alive.
B．Because his sister would be sent to a far hospital.
C．Because his sister was going to die soon.
D．Because his father wanted to take him away.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Karen下定了决心，不管别人愿不愿意，她都要带迈克尔进去。如果现在不让他看，他可能再也见不到活着的妹妹了。故答案选C。
4．What do we know about the head nurse?
A．The head nurse was careful.
B．The head nurse was rude.
C．The head nurse was responsible.
D．The head nurse had no sympathy.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段内容，当护士长看到Michael进入ICU病房后，她大声说道：“把那个小孩领出去！这不让小孩进！”因此可推知，护士长并非粗鲁或无情，她只是在尽自己的职责。故答案选C。21教育网
5．What is the main idea of the text?
A．A boy's singing saved his sister's life.
B．The little girl is well enough to go home.
C．Michael's little sister is born with a serious disease.2-1-c-n-j-y
D．No children are allowed to enter the intensive care unit.
解析：选A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述的是一个小男孩用自己的歌声挽救了病危中的妹妹的故事。故答案选A。
B
(2013·江苏五市高三第三次调研)Giant landslides (山崩) have a seismic (地震的) fingerprint that allows researchers to estimate their size, duration, and even how far they travel across the landscape, new research reveals. The finding may be particularly useful in identifying landslides that occur in steep, remote areas where few people live — not because of their immediate effects, but because such slumps (滑坡) can block rivers and impound lakes that could later destroy the natural dams and threaten populated areas downstream.
Seismometers and other such instruments record ground motions occurring at all frequencies (频率), but seismologists typically pay attention to only those in ranges where the signals of earthquakes exist. The first seismic waves caused by quakes and explosions are sharp and distinct, says G?ran Ekstr?m, a seismologist in Palisades, New York. But the low-frequency waves caused by giant landslides are occasionally hidden in the mix of seismic vibrations (震动) booming through Earth's crust, too.
Of the 29 largest known landslides worldwide from 1980 through 2012, ground motions from the 27 largest were detected by seismic instruments that were part of a global network of instruments. Seismic vibrations produced by the other two slides showed up well on regional networks.
When Ekstr?m and colleague Colin Stark analyzed the seismic data associated with those major landslides, they realized that certain characteristics of the slumps were contained in the ground motions — similar to the way that researchers can use seismic data to estimate the size of a quake and the directions. For instance, when rock falls off a mountainside, the peak is suddenly lighter — so, according to Newton's laws of motion, the mountain springs upward and away from the falling rock, causing initial ground motions that reveal some characteristics of the landslide.
And because seismic data offer clues about how landslides unfold, it may help researchers develop better models of how landslides behave. “People rarely see large landslides happen; they typically only see the aftereffects，” Ekstr?m notes.
Indeed, Ekstr?m and Stark's analysis revealed that a set of landslides that fell onto the Siachen Glacier near the India-Pakistan border in September 2010 actually included seven slides that occurred over a period of 4 days. “If we'd only seen this deposit in the field, we'd likely have thought it was formed by one or two landslides，” Ekstr?m says.
Although some landslides fortunately don't affect people immediately, they can have long-term effects. If researchers have a way to identify such landslides quickly, they can possibly minimize damage and loss of life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明：强烈山崩产生的地震波有助于人们对它的面积、周期等进行测算。这可以帮助科学家判断发生在偏远、人烟稀少地区的山崩。
6．What is the particular use of the finding mentioned in the passage?
A．Clarifying the reasons to identify landslides.
B．Finding the possible directions of landslides.
C．Judging where landslides occur and how long they may last.
D．Confirming the lonely sites and potential effects of landslides.

解析：选D　细节理解题。文章第一段第二句提到，这个发现尤其在发现偏远地区的山崩方面更有效。另外，下文主要讲述的便是它在判断潜在山崩方面的作用。故答案选D。
7．According to the passage, seismic waves caused by giant landslides ________.
A．are at high frequency
B．are sharp and distinct
C．might hardly be discovered
D．may occur at all frequencies
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“But the low-frequency waves caused by giant landslides are occasionally hidden in the mix of ...”可知，剧烈的山崩产生的地震波偶尔会与地震震动声混在一起，不容易被察觉到。故答案选C。
8．What can help scientists figure out the size and direction of a landslide?
A．Ground motions.
B．Newton's laws of motion.
C．The falling rock.
D．The lighter mountain peak.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“they realized that certain characteristics of the slumps were contained in the ground motions — similar to the way that researchers can use seismic data to estimate the size of a quake and the directions”并结合第四段最后一句中的“causing initial ground motions that reveal some characteristics of the landslide”可知，科学家是根据地面运动辨别山崩的面积和方向的。故答案选A。
9．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．damage and loss of life from giant landslides are unavoidable
B．landslides can all be detected by instruments over the world
C．landslides have never been seen when they occur
D．deposit can tell scientists the number of landslides
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句的大意：如果研究人员有办法很快地判断山崩的话，那么就可能把破坏和死亡降到最低限度。由这句话可推断，因为山崩难以提前预测和判断，所以破坏和死亡是不可避免的。故答案选A。

B卷
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2014·江阴五校联考)Socialization is the way in which children and adults learn from others. We begin learning from others during the early days of life; and most people continue their social learning all through life __1__ some mental or physical disability slows or stops the learning __2__. Sometimes the learning is __3__， as when we learn a new sport, art or musical technique from a friend. At other times, social learning is __4__， as when we learn not to drive too fast by receiving a large fine for __5__.
Positive socialization is the type of social learning that is based on pleasurable and __6__ experiences. We tend to like the people who fill our socialization with __7__， loving care, and rewarding opportunities.  Negative socialization __8__ when others use punishment, harsh criticisms or anger to try to “__9__ us a lesson”； and often we come to dislike both negative socialization and the people who __10__ it on us. There are all types of mixes of positive and negative socialization; and the more positive social learning experiences we have, the happier we tend to be — especially if we learn useful information that helps us deal with the __11__ of life.
Our __12__ socialization helps explain a majority of who we are at present — what we think and feel, where we plan to go in life. But we are not __13__ by the things given to us by those learning experiences; we can take all our __14__ days and guide our future social learning in directions that we __15__.The more that we know about the socialization procedure, the more effective we can be in __16__ our future learning in the ways that will help us most.
Because we were not able to __17__ our parents, we were not able to __18__ much of the first 10 or 20 years of our socialization. However, most people learn to __19__ their own socialization as they gain experience in life. It takes special skills to steer (掌舵) our own socialization, and many of us __20__ some of those skills naturally as we go through life but others may need to take some courses for those skills.
语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。社会化过程伴随人的一生。它有积极的和消极的之分。一个人已有的社会化可以影响其想法和未来。家庭会对一个人的社会化产生影响，但大部分人是在生活中经历其社会过程。
1．A.if　　　　　　　　　　 B．since
C．unless  D．while
解析：选C　句意：在整个人生中，大部分人都在持续社会学习，除非由于身心的缺陷减缓或者妨碍了学习的进程。if意为“如果”；since意为“自从……以来”；unless意为“除非，如果不”；while意为“当……的时候”。根据句意可知，应选C项。
2．A.process   B．methods
C．progress   D．period
解析：选A　句意：除非由于身心的缺陷减缓或者妨碍了学习的进程。process意为“进程，过程”；method意为“方法”；progress意为“进步”；period意为“阶段，时期”。故答案选A。
3．A.tiresome   B．fun
C．burden   D．effortless
解析：选B　句意：当我们从朋友那里学习一项新的运动、绘画、音乐的技能时，学习是快乐的。tiresome意为“无聊的，令人厌烦的”；fun意为“有趣的”；burden意为“压力”；effortless意为“毫不费力的”。只有fun符合句意，故答案选B。
4．A.worthwhile   B．boring
C．valuable   D．painful
解析：选D　句意：有时社会学习也是痛苦的，比如由于超速而收到大额罚单。worthwhile意为“有价值的”；boring意为“无聊的”；valuable意为“有价值的”；painful意为“痛苦的”。结合后半句的“receiving a large fine”可知，只有painful符合句意。
5．A.speeding   B．drunk-driving
C．casual-parking   D．overload
解析：选A　speeding意为“超速”；drunk-driving意为“酒后驾驶”；casual-parking意为“随便停车”；overload意为“超载”。此处与本句中的“drive too fast”相呼应，故只有speeding符合句意。
6．A.practical   B．exciting
C．personal   D．beneficial
解析：选B　句意：积极的社会化是基于令人愉快和兴奋的经历的一种学习。practical意为“实际的”；exciting意为“令人兴奋的”；personal意为“个人的”；beneficial意为“有益的”。此处exciting与pleasurable相照应。
7．A.motivation   B．conversation
C．information   D．conclusion
解析：选A　句意：我们趋向于喜欢那些能为我们的社会化带来动力、爱心和有益机会的人。motivation意为“积极性”；conversation意为“对话”；information意为“信息”；conclusion意为“结论”。此处与下句中的“punishment”相对照，故答案选A。
8．A.occurs   B．fails
C．suffers   D．enters
解析：选A　句意：当别人使用惩罚、严厉的批评或者很生气地想教育我们一顿时，消极的社会化就发生了。occur意为“发生”；fail意为“失败”；suffer意为“忍受，遭受”；enter意为“进入”。occur符合句意。
9．A.tell   B．prepare
C．draw   D．teach
解析：选D　teach sb. a lesson是固定短语，意为“教训某人”，符合语境。
10．A.cheat   B．test
C．force   D．request
解析：选C　句意：我们不喜欢消极的社会化和把它强加到我们身上的人。cheat意为“欺骗”；test意为“测试”；force意为“强迫”与on搭配构成force sth. on sb.，意为“强加于某人”；request意为“请求”。force符合语境。
11．A.opportunities   B．conditions
C．challenges   D．pleasures
解析：选C　句意：我们所经历的积极的社会化越多，我们就会越快乐——尤其是当我们所学到的有用信息能够帮我们应对生活中的挑战时。opportunity意为“机遇”；condition意为“条件”；challenge意为“挑战”；pleasure意为“乐趣”。deal with challenges意为“应对挑战”，符合句意。
12．A.previous   B．current
C．positive   D．negative
解析：选A　句意：我们已有的社会化在很大程度上解释了我们目前是谁……。previous意为“以前的”；current意为“现在的”；positive意为“积极的”；negative意为“消极的”。previous与后面的“at present”相对，指已经历的社会化对一个人现状的影响，符合句意。
13．A.surprised   B．limited
C．shaped   D．affected
解析：选B　句意：但是我们不会被那些学习经历所限制。surprise意为“使惊讶”；limit意为“限制”；shape意为“塑造”；affect意为“影响”。根据句意可知，答案选B。
14．A.happy   B．healthy
C．remaining   D ．past
解析：选C　句意：我们可以按照我们所重视的社会学习方向来指导自己度过剩下的日子。happy意为“幸福的”；healthy意为“健康的”；remaining意为“剩下的”；past意为“过去的”。remaining与下文的“future”相照应，符合句意。
15．A.doubt   B．lose
C．abandon   D．value
解析：选D　doubt意为“怀疑”；lose意为“失去”；abandon意为“放弃”；value意为“重视”。此处是指用自己珍视的生活方向来指导自己度过余下的日子，value符合句意。
16．A.directing   B．describing
C．damaging   D．discovering
解析：选A　句意：我们对社会化进程了解得越多，就越能有效地利用能最大程度帮助我们的方式来指导以后的学习。direct意为“指导，指向”；describe意为“描述”；damage意为“损坏”；discover意为“发现”。direct与上文“directions”相照应，符合句意。
17．A.socialize   B．select
C．support   D．blame
解析：选B　句意：由于我们不能选择我们的父母……。socialize意为“使社会化”；select意为“选择”；support意为“支持”；blame意为“责备”。根据下文的“the first 10 or 20 years”可知，此处是指选择自己的父母，故答案选B。
18．A.enjoy   B．resist
C．repeat   D．control
解析：选D　句意：所以我们不能控制我们社会化的前10年或者前20年。enjoy意为“享受”；resist意为“抵抗”；repeat意为“重复”；control意为“控制”。由于出生的家庭无法选择，所以自己前10年或前20年的社会化也不受自己控制，control符合句意。
19．A.influence   B．quit
C．continue   D．break
解析：选A　句意：然而，大部分人在生活中获得经验的同时，也学着去影响他们自己的社会化。influence意为“影响”；quit意为“放弃”；continue意为“持续”；break意为“打破”。influence符合句意。
20．A.put up   B．pick up
C．make up   D．turn up
解析：选B　句意：我们许多人自然地学会了那些技能……。put up意为“举起，张贴”；pick up意为“捡起，学会(偶然地学会)”；make up意为“构成，弥补”；turn up意为“出现，发生”。pick up与naturally相照应，符合句意。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2014·江西省重点中学协作体第一次联考)Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.  In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.” Given that this is the ease, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive ears, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well Rude words, namecalling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.  For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves.” Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
语篇解读：本文为一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了校园冲突的解决方法。
1．This article is mainly about ________.
A．the lives of school children
B．the cause of arguments in schools
C．how to analyze youth violence
D．how to deal with school conflicts
解析：选D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了如何处理校园冲突的方法。故答案选D。
2．From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________.
A．violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B．a small conflict can lead to violence
C．students tend to lose their temper easily
D．the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可推知，校园冲突通常是由一件小事引起的。因此下文作者所举的例子也是为了说明这一观点。故答案选B。
3．Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?
A．To find out who is to blame.
B．To get ready to try new things.
C．To make clear what the real issue is.
D．To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章第五段第三句“It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.”可知，学生自我发问的原因在于弄清楚问题的症结所在，而不是只关注对方的过错。故答案选C。
4．After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that ________.
A．there was a decrease in classroom violence
B．there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C．more teachers felt better about themselves in schools
D．the teacher-student relationship greatly improved
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom”可知，亚特兰大实施了解决校园冲突的方案后，学生之间肢体上的暴力行为大大减少，而且他们之间合作也增强了，自我感觉也更加良好。故答案选A。
5．The writer's purpose for writing this article is to ________.
A．complain about problems in school education
B．teach students different strategies for school life
C．advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D．inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence
解析：选C　写作意图题。根据文章第一段中的“Given that this is the case ...”及最后一段最后一句“In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country”，再结合文章大意可知，本文的写作目的主要是提出如何减少校园冲突的方法。故答案选C。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2014·无锡普通高中高三月考)By the logic (逻辑) of geography, the continent of Australia should have been populated with Asians. Instead, by an accident of history, Australia has been mainly populated with Westerners.
Sadly, no major Australian newspaper or expert commented.  This made me aware that Australians are reluctant to face Australia's painful new geopolitical realities.
Against this background, the release of the Asian Century White Paper is timely. It should provide a sharp wake-up call to the Australian population that Australia's destiny (命运) is now firmly tied to Asia. Julia Gillard is right in saying, “The transformation of the Asian region into the economic powerhouse of the world is not only unstoppable, it is gathering pace.”
One truly impressive part of the paper is the data it provides on Asia's rise.  It notes, for example, that “in the past 20 years, China and India have almost tripled (增至三倍) their share of the global economy and increased their economic size almost six times over. By 2025, the region as a whole will account for almost half the world's output.”
In this Asian century, as Western power gets weak steadily, Australia will be left “beached” alone as the only Western country (together with New Zealand) in Asia. Twenty-two million Australians will have to learn to deal with 3.5 billion Asians with great care and sensitivity.
Ignorance (无知) about Asia could prove to be fatal (致命的) for Australia's long-term future. This is why the report is right in focusing on Australian misunderstanding of Asia.
Sadly, this kind of terrible ignorance may be a result of Australian education. The report says, “Only a small proportion of Year 12 students study anything about Asia in the subjects of history, literature, geography, economics, politics and the arts under existing state-based curriculums.” Worse, only 5 percent of each Australian groups study any kind of Asian language.
Learning Asian languages would open windows to Asian cultural and political sensitivities. The time for Australians to think deeply about their Asian destiny has arrived.  The sooner Australia adjusts to its new Asian destiny, the less painful the adjustment will prove to be.
Title：It's (1)________ to accept our place in Asian region

(2)________
(3)________ speaking,  Australia is close to Asia,  yet few Australians are willing to face Australia's new geopolitical (4)________．


Release of the white paper
      Aim: To tell Australians that their (5)________  definitely has much to do with Asia.
 Cause: Asia has (6)________         the economic powerhouse of the world.
(7)________：China and India have tripled their share of the global economy and the region will account for half the world's output by 2025.

Writer's opinions
     Australians will be lonely if they don't learn to deal with 3.5 billion Asians.
Australian (8)________， in part, is responsible for their ignorance about Asia.
It's right for the paper to (9)________ on Australian misunderstanding of Asia.
     It's high time that Asian languages were
(10)________ to Australian children.


答案：(1)time　(2)Background　(3)Geographically
(4)realities　(5)destiny　(6)become　(7)Data
(8)education　(9)focus/concentrate　(10)taught

科技发明类

[精读语篇](2013·山东高考阅读理解C)
You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy (伞蓬) built into a street lamp，” he said.　　21*cnjy*com
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors (传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360°motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.【版权所有：21教育】
According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed (安装) at 2 metres off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

[题目试做](建议用时：8分钟)
66．For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?
A．To predict a heavy rain.
B．To check the weather forecast.
C．To protect people from the rain.
D．To remind people to take an umbrella.
67．What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A．His creation was inspired by an experience.
B．It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.
C．Street lamps are protected by canopies.
D．He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.
68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?
A．motor→canopy→sensors
B．sensors→motor→canopy
C．motor→sensors→canopy
D．canopy→motor→sensors
69．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?
A．Its moving speed.　　　　　 B．Its appearance.
C．Its installation.   D．Its safety.
70．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．The designer will open a company to promote his product.
B．The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.
C．The designer is confident that his creation is practical.
D．The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
[读文样板]
一、理清文章脉络
本文为科普文章。主要介绍了Belyaev发明的一种路灯遮雨伞。
第一段：开篇点题——介绍Mikhail Belyaev发明创造了路灯上的遮雨伞。
第二段：介绍Mikhail Belyaev怎样发明路灯上的遮雨伞。
第三、四段：路灯遮雨伞的工作原理。
第五段：路灯遮雨伞的安全性能。
第六段： 路灯遮雨伞的未来应用前景。
二、破解阅读障碍
(一)怎样破解生僻词汇
1．lampbrella n．路灯遮雨伞
破解方法：①构词法：lamp (灯)＋umbrella(伞)→lampbrella (路灯遮雨伞)
②语境法：根据第一段中的同位语：a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella。
2．ground  n．土地，场地v.把(电线)接地
破解方法：熟词新义。此类词往往根据语境产生新的意思。原文：...it would be grounded to protect from possible  lightning strike.此处是指把路灯上的遮雨伞的电线接地以避免雷击。ground在此被用作动词，指“把(电线)接地”。
(二)怎样破解长难句


译文：但是设计者Mikhail Belyaev认为在出门之前忘记查看天气情况不会导致挨雨淋。
[解题样板]
66.Belyaev发明路灯遮雨伞的目的是什么？
信息源
选项特征

A.为了预测大雨。
第一段第一句
曲解文意

B.为了看天气预报。
第一段第二句
曲解文意

C.为了保护人们不受雨淋。
第一段第二
句及第三句
综合概括

D.为了提醒人们带伞。
第一段第一句
曲解文意


[分析]　选C　根据第一段第二句和第三句“...Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast ...That's why he created Lampbrella.”可知他创造Lampbrella的目的是为了防止人们被雨淋，因此C项表述正确。
67.从第二段Belyaev的话里我们可以得知什么？
信息源
选项特征

A.他的发明是受一次经历的启发。
第二段第一句
合理推断

B.圣彼得堡市经常下雨。
文中未提及
无中生有

C.街灯是由伞蓬保护的。
第二段最后一句
曲解文意

D.他喜欢在雨中散步。
文中未提及
无中生有

[分析]　选A　根据第二段第一句“The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.”可推断出他的这种想法是在看到俄罗斯圣彼得堡一个中心街道上人们被雨淋时产生的。因此A项表述正确。

68.下面哪一项展示了路灯遮雨伞是怎样工作的？
信息源
选项特征

A.发动机→伞蓬→传感器
第三段
颠倒是非

B.传感器→发动机→伞蓬
第三段
合理推断

C.发动机→传感器→伞蓬
第三段
颠倒是非

D.伞蓬→发动机→传感器
第三段
颠倒是非


[分析]　选B　根据第三段，这种Lampbrella是一个被配备了伞篷(canopy)的路灯杆，它有一个内置的电动机(electric motor)和几个传感器(sensors)，可以在下雨时给行人提供保护。首先是传感器感知有雨，然后通过电动机给伞篷提供动力。因此B项表述正确。
69.第五段主要告诉我们关于路灯遮雨伞的什么？
信息源
选项特征

A.它的移动速度。
第五段
曲解文意

B.它的外观。
第五段未提及
无中生有

C.它的安装。
第五段
曲解文意

D.它的安全性。
第五段
合理推断


[分析]　选D　根据第五段中的“...the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, ...it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.”及“Being installed at 2 metres off the ground...”可知，本段主要在强调Lampbrella的安全性，所以D项表述正确。

70.从最后一段可以推断出什么？
信息源
选项特征

A.设计者将开办公司推广他的产品。
第六段
无中生有

B.感应式路灯遮雨伞能够立即投入生产。
第六段
颠倒是非

C.设计者对自己的发明充满信心。
第六段
合理推断

D.感应式路灯遮雨伞将会在莫斯科展出。
第六段
无中生有


[分析]　选C　根据最后一段中的“insists his creation could be installed on any street where ...”可知，他认为自己的产品是很实用的。因此C项表述符合文意。