必修二Unit 1　Tales of the unexplained

　第一层级——背词汇、学写句，让作文有话可说

一、背词汇
[常用词汇]
(1)ambition n．　　　　 雄心
(2)intention n.   目的；意图
(3)volunteer n.   志愿者
(4)vacation n.   假期
(5)apply v.   申请
(6)gather v.   集合
(7)relax v.   放松
(8)take part in   参加
(9)prepare for   为……作准备
(10)focus on　　　　　　　　 集中精力于
(11)take a part-time job   做兼职工作
(12)work as   做……工作
(13)set out   出发
(14)pay a visit to   参观
(15)without delay   立即
[亮点词汇]
(1)schedule n. & v.   日程；安排
(2)desire n.   愿望；渴望
(3)determine v．　　　　　 决定
(4)acquire v.   获得
(5)cover v.   涉及
(6)vital adj.   至关重要的
(7)beneficial adj.   有益的
(8)participate in   参加
(9)aim at   目的在于
(10)sign up   签约参加
(11)in (the) hope of   期望
(12)be occupied with  忙于
二、学写句(按要求完成句子并背诵)

因为我参观过这个地方，所以今年我会去其他的地方度暑假。
明年他要去上海，他希望在那儿找到一份待遇高的工作。

   As I have paid a visit to the place, I will go     
   somewhere else this year to spend my
  summer vacation.(使用非谓语动词短语改写句子)
       He will go to Shanghai next year and hopes to   get a well-paid job there.

Having paid a visit to the place， I will go somewhere else this year to spend my summer vacation.
　He will go to Shanghai next year in_the_hope_of getting a well-paid job there.

　　　　　　　　　　　　




(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．If headaches only occur (发生) at night, lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause.
2．Someone pressed a switch and all the lights on the Christmas tree flashed (闪耀) on together.版权所有
3．I just assumed (认为) that the woman standing next to Jack was his wife, but later I knew I made a mistake.21cnjy.com
4．Just dismiss (不予考虑) those thoughts from your mind — they're crazy and not worth thinking about.2·1·c·n·j·y
5．—I even can't see the words on the blackboard clearly!
—Really? Your eyes need examining (检查)．
6．—I think that Johnson is not fit for the position of monitor of our class.
—That's it — he even doesn't know how to organize (组织) class meetings.
7．If you get there early, reserve (预留) a seat for me.
8．It's fortunate that all of the family survived (幸存) the terrible earthquake.
9．You have misunderstood Mark — he is not laughing at you; it is American humour/humor (幽默)．
10．Though there are no other witnesses (目击者), Lucy insists she saw a man in the yard that night.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The bridge designed by the famous architect is under construction (construct) now.
2．The driver of the truck suffered only minor injuries (injure) to his legs and arms.
3．The forecast said that there's a possibility (possible) of snow tonight.
4．Paul threw paint over the fur coats because he wanted to make a statement (state) about cruelty to animals.
5．When I came in that evening, the door of Newton's sitting room was open and through it came laughter (laugh), cheers, and television music.
6．This room is twice the length (long) of the other, but much narrower.
7．The sea is very cold and it requires great strength (strong) of mind to get in.
8．The visit to Disneyland in California with my family was an amazing (amaze) experience, one I shall never forget.
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．Do you believe in the existence of ghosts? I don't believe they exit. (exist)
2．It's a convincing speech and I'm convinced that many people will benefit from it. (convince)
3．The puzzled look on her face shows that she is puzzled about the puzzling question.(puzzle)


1．What one thinks and feels is mainly due_to (因为) tradition, habit and education.
2．To achieve the increase in orders, the factory has to step_up (加快) production.
3．You never know when Tracy is coming: she just shows_up (出现) when she feels like it.
4．There isn't any little boy called Manuel here; Grace is just making him up (编造)．
5．Your complaint is being looked_into (调查); when we have anything to report we will write to you again.
6．Originally belonging_to (属于) Mr.Smith, the house and surrounding farmland were seized in 1889.
7．When I ran_into (遇见) a problem while making my model airplane, I asked Uncle George to help.
8．People are wondering which of the five sons can take_charge_of (掌管) the company if their father, the general manager now, dies.
9．The single most important thing that separates ordinary photographs from (把……和……分开) good photographs is the lighting.
10．The motorist picked_up (用车接) three men along the highway and took them as far as New York.
【短语归纳】
1．run into　　　　　　　　 偶然遇见；撞上
2．step up   加紧，加强，加快
3．due to   由于，因为
4．take charge of   负责，接管，掌管
5．carry out   实施；执行
6．show up   出现，现身
7．look into   调查
8．make up   编造，杜撰；构成
9．belong to   属于；是……一员
10．leave out   省略；遗漏
11．separate ...from   把……和……分离
12．pick up   用车接某人


1．Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m.
目击者也说，当晚10点45分他们看见贾斯廷朝自己家的方向走去。
[解读]　saw Justin walking ...是“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处宾语补足语由现在分词短语充当。
[仿写]　在北京王府井大街上有人看到那个人用针刺(stab)小女孩。
Some people saw_a_man_stabbing a girl on Wangfujing Street in Beijing.
2．Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤的怪物，个个都长着又大又黑的眼睛。
[解读]　本句由于主语太长，为使句子平衡，采用了完全倒装结构。
[仿写]　正在说话的是我的弟弟，刚从美国回来。
Speaking_now_is_my_brother,_ who has just returned from America.
3．The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。
[解读]　Sb./Sth.be said to do表示“据说……”，可转换为It＋be＋said that sb./sth.
[仿写]　据说他是因传播网络语言而被拘捕的第一个人。
He was_said_to_be the first man who was arrested because of spreading online rumors.




一、常考词汇细点拨
1．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的
[经典例句]　He looked puzzled so I repeated the question.(牛津P1402)
他好像没听懂，于是我把问题又重复了一遍。
(1)be puzzled by　　　　 对……感到困惑
(2)puzzle n.   难题；谜
vt.   使……困惑；让(某人)动脑筋
be a puzzle to sb.   对某人来说是个谜
puzzle about/over sth.   苦苦思索
(3)puzzling adj.   使人困惑的，令人不解的
①Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.
他们为什么要做此事我仍迷惑不解。
②Without her help I would be_puzzled_by the problem.
如果没有她的帮助，我会对这个问题感到困惑的。
[一言串记]　These puzzling puzzles puzzled me, and I was puzzled how to work them out.
这些令人费解的难题难住了我，我不知道怎么算出来。
2. witness n．[C]目击者，证人 vt. 目击，见证
[教材原句]　Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m.
目击者也说，当晚10点45分他们看见贾斯廷朝自己家的方向走去。
(1)be (a) witness to sth. 目击，看见(某事发生)
bear/give witness to sth.   为……作证； 证明
(2)witness (sb. doing) sth.   目击了(某人做)某事
①He has been a witness to a terrible murder in Norway.
他目击了挪威一起残忍的凶杀事件。
②Many times, Peter and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being_run_over.(2012·山东高考阅读C)
有许多次，彼得和其他在公园广场里面及其附近工作的人亲眼目睹了松鼠被辗压的惨状。
③November 9th, 2013 witnessed Guangzhou Evergrande be-coming the first Chinese winners of the AFC Champions League.
2013年11月9日广州恒大俱乐部在亚冠联赛中首次夺冠。
[名师指津]　(1)witness一般用作及物动词，后接名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语。
(2)用作不及物动词，意为“为……的证据”，常和介词to搭配。
3．assume vt.假定；认为
[教材原句]　However, since Mrs Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend, she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream, and sent her back to bed.
但是，福斯特夫人以为贾斯廷在一个朋友家过夜了，因此她认为凯莉只是做了个噩梦，于是将她打发回了床上。
(1)assume that ...　　　　　 设想/认为……
It is assumed that ...   人们推测/认为……
assume sb./sth. to be ...   认为某人/物是……
(2)assuming that ...   假设/假定……
①When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.(2013·江苏高考阅读C)
开始时，他认为较早化石上的弯曲迹象更少一些，反映了鱼龙应对减压的方法是一个逐渐演化的过程。
②I assume_him_to_be the cleverest boy in this class.
我认为他是这个班里最聪明的男孩。
[联想归纳]　你学过的表示“假设”的表达法还有：
if＝
4．occur vi.发生；想到；出现
[教材原句]　Mr Foster was working that night on his road construction job, and was not home when these events occurred.
福斯特先生当晚在忙着路面施工，因此当这一切发生时他并不在家。
①Were there no cleaners, a certain decline would occur.(2013·广东高考读写任务)
如果没有清洁工，不可避免的环境恶化就会发生。
sth.occurs to sb.　　　　　 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to sb. to do sth.   某人想到做某事
It occurs to sb.that ...   某人想起……
②Why didn't it occur to you to phone the police?
你为什么没有想起给警察打电话？
③It never occurred_to_me that he might be in trouble.
我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。
[链接高考]
(2013·湖南高考)Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
A．occurred it　　　　　　　　 B．it did occur
C．it occurred   D．did it occur
解析：选D　句意：迈克尔从来没有想到过有一天自己会成为他班上的一名尖子生。否定词not置于句首，所以此处用部分倒装。
5．award n．奖，奖品，奖金  vt.授予，奖励
[教材原句]　We could offer awards to the winning team and the most enthusiastic players.
我们可以给获胜队伍和最热情的运动员发奖。
①He received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1966.(2013·重庆高考阅读B)
1966年他获得了格莱美终身成就奖。
(1)win/get the first award　　 获得一等奖
(2)award sb. sth.＝ award sth. to sb.
 给予/授予/判给/裁定给某人某物
sb.be awarded sth./sth.be awarded to sb.
   某人被授予某物
②It is said that the new invention won/got_the_first_award.21·cn·jy·com
据说这项新发明获得一等奖。
③The 2013 Nobel Prize for Literature is awarded to the Canadian author Alice Munro “master of the contemporary short story”．
2013年诺贝尔文学奖被授予加拿大当代短篇小说大师女作家爱莉丝·门罗。
[辨析比较]　award, prize, reward
试一试　选择以上单词填空
④He was awarded the first prize for his excellent performance in the composition contest.
⑤He gave the boy a reward of one pound for bringing back the lost dog.
⑥As a(n) award for your excellent service, I present you on behalf of the company with a gold watch.
辨一辨
award
指奖状或其他表彰物，以表示对授予者的称誉、感谢或鼓励

prize
多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖金或有价值的东西

reward
指悬赏、回报或酬谢


6．strength n．[U]力量，力气 [C]长处，优势
[教材原句]　In one case, a group of engineers ran after the creature, which moved with amazing speed and strength.
有一次，一群工程师追赶这种生物，而它却以惊人的速度和力量奔跑起来。
①And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.(2013·广东高考阅读A)
而且，汤姆利用他丰富的想象力，成功地进行了手术。
(1)build up one's strength　　 增强体力
with all one's strength   竭尽全力
(2)strengthen v.   加强；增强；巩固
②He has been doing weight training to_build_up_his_strength.
他一直在进行举重训练，以增强体质。
③The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles.
这些活动目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。
[辨析比较]　strength, energy, force, power
试一试　选择以上单词填空
④David devoted all his energy to his work. One night he came home very late from his office. He found there was a power failure that day. Unfortunately he couldn't find his key anywhere. So he gathered all his strength to open the door by force. The next day he had to pay to have his door repaired.
辨一辨
strength
常指固有的潜力。用于人时，指“力气”或“长处”；用于物时，着重指“强度”

energy
在物理学定义中为“能，能量”，用于生理学上指“精力”

force
常指促使物体运动的力，也可指势力、武力、暴力、军队等

power
能力；电力；影响力；权力


7．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
[教材原句]　He became convinced they exist.
他确信他们是存在的。
(1)convince sb.of sth.　　　 使某人相信某事
convince sb.to do sth.   说服某人做某事
convince sb.that ...   使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj.   相信的，被说服的
be convinced of/that ...   相信……
①We should convince the students of the need for reading.
我们应该让学生意识到阅读的必要性。
②How can you convince_him_to_go by train rather than by plane?
你怎样才能说服他坐火车去而不是乘飞机呢？
③Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun.(2013·山东高考阅读D)
皮尔森进行了抗拒，支持通过一个设计的广告来说服顾客来Sparrow餐馆就餐非常有趣。
8．survive vi.生存，幸免； 幸存； 生还vt.比……活得长； 幸免于；挺过(难关)
[教材原句]　In his opinion, this animal made its way to other parts of the world, and continues to survive even today.
在他看来，这种动物去了世界上其他地区，甚至一直活到现在。
(1)A survive B by＋时间　　　 A比B多活多长时间
survive on ...   靠……存活下来
(2)survivor n.   幸存者
survival n.  [U]幸存； [C]残存物
①He died in 2003, but his wife survived him by another 10 years.　　21*cnjy*com
他在2003年逝世，但他的妻子比他多活了10年。
②If activity is reduced, healthy people can survive_on half of their usual food intake for an extended period and without any food for many days.
如果活动量减少，健康的人能只靠平常摄入食物量的一半就能活更长的时间，并且可以好几天不吃东西。
[名师指津]　survive 表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因而不要加多余的介词in, from等。
[一言串记]　He was the only survivor that survived the accident, but he didn't survive long, and even didn't survive his father.
他是幸免于事故的唯一幸存者，但他活得不长，甚至没活过他的父亲。
二、间考词汇自识记
1．base n．基地，大本营；底部；基础 vt.以……为基础
be based on　　　　　　　以……为基础，以……为根据
The movie is based on a real-life incident.
这部电影以现实生活中的一件事为基础。
2．disagree vi.不同意，有分歧；不一致，不合适
①disagree with sb. on/about/over sth.
就某事与某人意见不合
②disagree with doing sth.
不赞成做某事
③disagree with sb.
(食物、气候等)对某人有不良影响；使某人身体不适
He disagreed with his parents on most things.
他在多数事情上都与父母意见不一致。
3．reserve n．(动植物)保护区；储备vt.预定；保留；储备
①in reserve   储存；留以备用
②be reserved for   留作，(专)供……之用
A separate room is reserved for smokers.
一个单独的房间专供吸烟者使用。
[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·湖北鄂西示范校高三质检)Sugar ________ naturally in fruits such as pears, melons and grapes, as well as foods such as mushrooms, wine, and cheese.
A．happens   B．occurs
C．contains   D．consists
解析：选B　句意：一些水果含有天然糖分，如梨、甜瓜、葡萄等。还有一些食物也含有糖分，如蘑菇、葡萄酒和奶酪。occur in“存在于，出现在”，符合句意。happen“发生”；contain“包含”；consist in“取决于，在于”。
2．Asian Football Confederation (AFC) player of the year 2013 was ________ to Chinese football player Zheng Zhi.
A．awarded   B．rewarded
C．gained   D．included
解析：选A　句意：2013年度亚洲足球先生颁给了中国足球运动员郑智。award“授予”，符合句意。reward“奖赏，报答”；gain“获得”；include“包括”。
3．(2014·湘中名校联考)You look well. The air and the seafood in Sanya must ________ you, I suppose.
A．agree with   B．agree to
C．disagree with   D．disagree to
解析：选A　句意：你看上去很好。我认为，三亚的空气和海鲜很适合你。agree with“同意；适合”，符合句意。agree to“同意，赞成”；disagree不和介词to连用，与with连用时表示“不同意；不一致；不合适”。
4．(2014·无锡一中高三模拟)From the ________ expression on the manager's face, I knew he was ________ about the plan I worked out, so I had to make some changes.
A．puzzling; puzzling   B．puzzling; puzzled
C．puzzled; puzzling   D．puzzled; puzzled
解析：选D　句意：从经理脸上困惑的表情，我明白他对我制定的计划感到很困惑，所以我不得不做一些修改。表情是“困惑的”，他感到“困惑”，两个空都应填 v．-ed 形式，故选D。
5．(2014·盐城高三质检)________ of the truth of the report, he told his colleagues about it.
A．Convinced   B．Convincing
C．To convince   D．Having convinced
解析：选A　句意：确信了这个报道的真实性，他就告诉了他的同事。主语he和convince之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
6．Almost all the buildings nearby were pulled down by the ________ of the explosion in a gas station.
A．force   B．strength
C．energy   D．power
解析：选A　句意：附近的房屋几乎都被加油站爆炸的力量给震倒了。force 此处指“作用力，逼迫力”，符合句意。strength 指“人体的力量，力气”；energy“能量，能源，活力”；power“能力，权力”。
7．(2014·南京三中模拟)Digital content is so easily accessible nowadays that young people may just ________ books to be free and are not ready to pay for it.
A．suggest   B．assume
C．approve   D．demand
解析：选B　句意：目前数字内容很容易获得，年轻人可能以为这些都是免费的，不想为此付钱。assume ... to be ... “以为……是……”。其他三项不接 sb. to do sth.。
Ⅱ.多维演练
题组1　witness面面观
1．写出下面句中witness的汉语意思
The witness who witnessed the incident gave witnesses to the police and promised to be a witness.目击者；目击；证据；证人
2．完成句子
①据说警察找到了那件谋杀案的目击者。
It is said that the police have found the_witness_to the murder.
②既然我们是好朋友，我会为他的诚实作证。
Since we are good friends, I will bear/give_witness_to his honesty.
3．(2014·无锡高三模拟)China is not willing to allow China-Vietnam ties ________ difficulties because of their dispute over the South China Sea.
A．witnessing   B．to witness
C．to be witnessed   D．being witnessed
解析：选B　句意：中越关系因南海争战出现一些困难，这是中方不愿看到的。allow 后接不定式作宾语补足语。
题组2　survive多棱镜
1．用survive的适当形式填空
①It was reported that only a few people survived the fire.
②This soldier was the only survivor of the battle.
③We need food and water for survival.
2．(2014·宿州一检)Much to our shock, none of the 100 people were able to ________ the gas blast, which brought great grief to their family.
A．admit   B．survive
C．prove   D．relate
解析：选B　句意：使我们非常震惊的是，100人中没有一个人在爆炸中幸存，这给他们的家人带来了巨大的伤痛。admit“承认，接受”；survive“幸存，幸免”；prove“证明”；relate“使有联系”。【版权所有：21教育】

1．step up  加紧，加强，促进；走上前去；提升
[教材原句]　Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing three days ago in Dover, New Hampshire.
美国警方已加紧对一名15岁男孩的搜寻，该男孩于三天前在新罕布什尔州的多佛市失踪。
[一词多义]　写出下列句中step up的含义
①The government should do everything to step up environmental protection.加强
②John stepped up onto the platform and began to speak.走上前去21教育网
③He has stepped up into the management of the firm.提升
step into　　　　　　 进入
step out   出去
step aside   让开；让位
step forward   走上前来，跨前一步
step backward   倒退
④To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.(2013·安徽高考阅读D)
对他们来说，与现实中的人打交道就像革命性的倒退。
2．show up 出现，现身；露面
[教材原句]　When Justin did not show up for lunch the next day, Mrs Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police.
在第二天中午吃午饭的时候，贾斯廷仍然没有露面，福斯特夫人开始担心了，就让丈夫打电话报警。
①To the fans' disappointment, the film star didn't show up at the open ceremony.
令影迷们失望的是，那位影星并没有出现在开幕式上。
show sb. around/round　　　　 领某人参观
show off   炫耀，卖弄
show sb. in/out   领某人进来/出去
show sb. to/into (a place)   领某人去(某地)
②When they were here on holiday I showed them round/around the beautiful scenery in my hometown.
当他们在这儿度假时，我领他们参观了一下家乡的美丽风景。
③Mike was trying to_show_off_his_talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils.(2012·陕西高考)
迈克正设法通过用彩笔装饰厨房的墙壁来炫耀他的才华。
3．make up编造，杜撰；构成，组成；弥补；化妆；和解
[经典例句]　Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？(牛津P1056)
我今天下午早点走，明天补上这段时间，可以吗？
[一词多义]　写出下列句中make up的含义
①She made up her face to look prettier.化妆
②Everyone in the village likes him because he is good at telling and making up stories.编造
③Girls make up two thirds of members of the school literary club.组成
④In the end the two boys made up with each other after a fierce fight.和解
make up for　　　　　 (用其他方式)弥补； 补偿
be made up of ＝ consist of　　 由……组成
be made from   由……制成(成品中看不出原料)
be made (out) of   由……制成(成品中能看出原料)
⑤Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.(2012·辽宁高考阅读C)
一些社会学家建议西方应利用古代中国的智慧来弥补西方哲学的缺陷。
[名师指津]　make up和make up for都有“弥补，补上”之意，但make up表示补做耽误了的事或补上、凑齐某事物，而make up for表示用其他方式进行弥补。
4．belong to 属于，是……成员
[教材原句]　Large tracks have also been discovered which some people say belong to the Wild Man.21教育名师原创作品
人们也发现过一些巨大脚印，有人称它们属于野人。
①It still belongs to a member of the family, but has not been lived for a while.(2013·福建高考完形)
它(这个房子)现在仍然属于我们家的一个成员，但有一段时间无人居住了。
②A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging_to_ the cat family.
老虎是一种大而凶猛的猫科动物。
[名师指津]　belong to中to为介词，后接名词的普通格，不接所有格； 后接代词时用宾格，不用名词性物主代词。该结构无被动语态，也无进行时。
[短语对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．《中国好声音》的冠军李琦一出现，人们就欢呼起来。
As soon as Li Qi, the champion of the Voice of China, showed_up,_the crowd burst into cheers.
2．我们加快步伐赶上了他们。
We stepped_up our pace to catch up with them.
3．他的成功在很大程度上归功于他的辛勤工作。
His success was_largely_due_to his hard work.
4．布朗先生在他父亲过世后负责掌管该公司。
Mr. Brown took_charge_of the company after his father died.
5．为了帮助学生们更好地理解，老师编了一个有趣的故事。
In order to help the students understand better, the teacher made_up_an_interesting_story.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·安徽名校高三诊断)We should take care of the blind. It is immoral to ________ them.
A．make room for   B．make fun of
C．make up for   D．make use of
解析：选B　句意：我们应该照顾盲人。取笑他们是不道德的。make fun of“取笑”，符合句意。make room for“为……让出空间”；make up for“补偿”；make use of“利用”。
2．(2014·江苏安宜中学高三一模)The purse was given back to the passenger when she proved that it ________ her.
A．referred to   B．added to
C．belonged to   D．pointed to
解析：选C　句意：当那位乘客证明钱包属于她时，就把钱包还给了她。refer to “指出，涉及”；add to “增加”；belong to “属于”；point to “指出”。
3．(2014·苏州第十中学模拟)Mr. White ________ some knowledge of growing plants just by watching the gardeners working on them.
A．picked up   B．set up
C．worked out   D．stepped up
解析：选A　句意：怀特先生仅仅看园丁工作就学会了一些种植植物的知识。pick up“捡起，学会”；set up“建立”；work out“解决，算出”；step up“促进”。
4．(2014·长沙一中模拟)Not until it was dark ________， which made his mother worried.
A．he had shown up   B．he showed up
C．did he show up   D．had he shown up
解析：选C　句意：直到天黑时，他才露面，这使他母亲很担心。由于“ not until ...”作状语位于句首，主句要倒装，因此可以排除A、B两项； 这里并不表示“过去的过去”，不用过去完成时，故选C。

1．Standing_inside_were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤的怪物，个个都长着又大又黑的眼睛。
该句为倒装句，standing inside是现在分词短语提前了。正常语序是：Lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes were standing inside.此倒装句结构为：现在分词＋地点状语＋be＋主语。
全部倒装的几种情况：
(1)当表语是分词、形容词、副词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡，常把表语放在句首，引起句子全部倒装。句型为：分词/形容词/副词/介词短语＋地点状语＋be＋主语。
①Buried in the earth was a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.
埋在泥土中的是一个装满古币的坛子。
②Also present_at_the_meeting_was_a_professor from Peking University.
出席会议的还有来自北京大学的一位教授。
(2)there be句型，其中的be可以用表示“存在”的动词live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等替代。
③There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
人们对于这个项目的实用价值仍然有某种怀疑。
(3)当副词there, here, out, in, on, up, down, away, back, now, then等放于句首，谓语动词是go, come, run, lie, stand等，且主语是名词时，多用全部倒装句。
④Here comes the postman!
邮递员来了！
[名师指津]　(1)副词在句首的倒装句，谓语动词用一般现在时态或者一般过去时态，而不能用进行时态。
(2)当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。
2．The Yeti is_said_to_be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。
本句中用了“主语＋be said to do sth.”句型。该句型可与“It is said that＋主语 ...”结构互换，意为“据说……，人们说……”。能用于此结构的动词还有：know, report, believe, think, expect, consider, suppose等。
①At least one policeman is said to have been injured in the accident.
＝ It is said that at least one policeman has been injured in the accident.
据说在这次事故中至少有一名警察受伤。
②It is expected that Liu Qian can come here to perform magic tricks.
＝Liu Qian is_expected_to_come here to perform magic tricks.
人们希望刘谦能来这里表演魔术。
[名师指津]　(1)suggest 和 hope 可用于It is suggested/hoped that ... 结构，但该结构不能转换成“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do”结构。www.21-cn-jy.com
(2)在“主语＋be＋said/expected ...＋不定式”结构中，不定式根据需要有时态和语态的变化，当to do不定式动作发生在谓语动词之后或与谓语动词动作同时发生时，常用不定式的一般式；当to do不定式动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，常用不定式的完成式。
③It is said that Tom went abroad last week.
＝ Tom is_said_to_have_gone abroad last week.
据说汤姆上周已出国了。
[句型对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．He is said to be writing a book at present.
→It_is_said_that_he_is_writing_a_book_at_present.
2．The book is expected to be the best-seller this year.
→It_is_expected_that_the_book_will_be_the_best-seller_this_year.
3．A girl was seated on the ground playing the guitar.(变为倒装句)
→Seated_on_the_ground_was_a_girl_playing_the_guitar.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．At noon they got to a hill, on top of which ________， dating back to hundreds of years ago.
A．a temple stood   B．did a temple stand
C．a temple did stand   D．stood a temple
解析：选D　句意：中午时，他们爬上了山，这座山的山顶上有一座庙，有几百年的历史了。当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子要用全部倒装结构。
2．(2014·连云港模拟)—The excellent student is said ________ in Germany for two years.
—No wonder he has a good command of German.
A．to study   B．to be studying
C．to have studied   D．studied
解析：选C　根据时间状语for two years可知，这个优秀的学生在德国学习了两年是已经发生了的事情，因此用不定式的完成式。

现在完成时和现在完成进行时
1．Former intelligence contractor Edward Snowden ________ a job doing technical support for a “major” Russian Website recently.
A．accepted　　　　　　　 B．was accepting
C．has accepted   D．had accepted
解析：选C　句意：前情报承包商爱德华·斯诺登已接受一俄罗斯“主要”网站的聘用，为其提供技术支持。由句中recently可知，应用现在完成时。
2．(2014·合肥八中检测)—Where is mother?
—She is in the kitchen. She ________ the housework all morning.
A．is doing   B．was doing
C．has done   D．has been doing
解析：选D　句意：妈妈在哪里？她在厨房。整个早晨她一直都在做家务。做家务的动作起始于过去一直延续到现在，对话的时候妈妈仍然在做家务。根据句意可知，此句应用现在完成进行时。
3．(2014·安徽寿县安丰中学模拟)People ________ financial aid since they lost their homes, jobs and businesses to the storm last month.
A．have been receiving   B．are receiving
C．had received   D．received
解析：选A　句意：自从在上个月的暴风雨中失去了家园、工作和公司，(灾区的)人们一直在接受资金援助。since“自从……以来”，后常跟表示过去的时间点或用一般过去时的状语从句，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
4．(2014·四川省广元市第一次统考)—Where ________ the recorder? I can't find it.
—I ________ it right here. But now it's gone.
A．did you put; have put   B．had you put; was putting
C．have you put; put   D．were you putting; have put
解析：选C　句意：“你把录音机放哪里了？我找不到它了。”“我就放在这儿了，但是现在它不见了。”根据句意可知，第一空强调过去的行为对现在的影响，应用现在完成时；第二空强调过去的动作，应用一般过去时。
5．(2014·湖南三校联考)He ________ articles for our wall-newspaper for three years, and he ________ about forty articles.
A．has been writing; has written
B．has been writing; wrote
C．is writing; has been writing
D．had written; has written
解析：选A　句意：他这三年来一直在为我们的墙报写文章， 他已经为我们写了大约四十篇文章了。第一空应用现在完成进行时表示从过去开始到现在他一直在为我们的墙报写文章，而且还可能会继续写下去；而第二空则应用现在完成时表示他已经为我们写了大约四十篇文章。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】

A卷
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·枣庄三中阶段测试)We finally managed to make the customers ________ of the quality of the vehicle.
A．to convince　　　　　　　　 B．convincing
C．convince   D．convinced
解析：选D　考查非谓语动词。convince sb.of sth.“使某人相信某物”。the customers与convince之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词-ed形式。www-2-1-cnjy-com
2．(2014·连云港高三质检)I still remember the day when I said goodbye to my family, ________ on the plane and started my journey to London.
A．to step   B．stepping
C．stepped   D．having stepped
解析：选C　在when引导的时间状语从句中，say, step, start这三个动作发生在过去并连续，所以都用一般过去时。
3．(2014·安徽名校联考)Hearing a scream, I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess ________ on the floor.
A．lain unconscious　　　　　　 B．lying unconscious
C．laid unconsciously   D．lying unconsciously
解析：选B　句意：听到叫声，我冲到楼下结果发现女主人躺在地板上失去了知觉。see sb. doing sth.“看见某人在做某事”；unconscious为形容词作状语，表示my hostess当时所处的状态。
4．(2014·湖南名校联考)All the furniture here ________ to our school, so no chair and no desk ________ permitted to be taken away.
A．belongs; is   B．belong; are
C．is belonged; is   D．belongs; are
解析：选A　belong是不及物动词，排除C；furniture是不可数名词，排除B；and连接的单数名词chair和desk被no修饰时谓语动词用单数。
5．(2014·浙江十校学期初联考)The past two years ________ a sharp rise in oil price, which adds to the burden of auto transportation industry.
A．witnessed   B．has witnessed
C．is witnessing   D．witnesses
解析：选B　句意：过去的两年见证了油价的剧烈上涨，这增加了汽车运输业的负担。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态，应用现在完成时。
6．(2014·南通高三调研)When the policeman stopped us, we all looked questioningly at him, ________.
A．nervously and puzzled   B．nervous and puzzling
C．nervous and puzzled   D．nervously and puzzling
解析：选C　此处为形容词短语作伴随状语，排除A、D两项；puzzling“令人困惑的”；puzzled“(人)困惑的”。
7．(2014·安徽无为四中模拟)A great deal of talking that ________ under casual circumstances may seem to be aimless.
A．is occurred   B．are occurred
C．occurs   D．occur
解析：选C　在定语从句中关系代词that作主语，指代talking，即先行词是动名词，所以谓语动词用单数；occur是不及物动词，不用于被动语态，故选C。
8．(2014·江苏启东中学模拟)As far as I see, ________ is no possibility ________ he will win the tennis match this time.【出处：21教育名师】
A．it; that   B．there; that
C．it; where   D．there; whether
解析：选B　此处 ________ he will win the tennis match this time 是 possibility 的同位语，而且引导词在从句中无实际意义，也不作成分，故选B。
9．Mars is cooler, which has an atmosphere ________ carbon dioxide and its gravity is a third of that on the earth.
A．making up of   B．makes up of
C．made up of   D．to make up of
解析：选C　句意：火星要凉爽一些，有着由二氧化碳构成的大气，而且它的重力只有地球的三分之一。分析句子可知： made up of 是过去分词短语在句中作定语。
10．(2014·长沙一中模拟)Harry Potter is said ________ into over twelve languages by the end of last year.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A．to be translated   B．being translated
C．having been translated   D．to have been translated
解析：选D　句意：《哈利·波特》据说到去年末已经被译成超过12种语言了。此句用的是 sth. is said to do 句式，而且“translate”发生在“is said”之前，所以要用不定式的完成式“to have been translated”。
11．(2014·苏北四市联考)—Nice to see you again after all these years. What ________？
—Well, I've tried many things since we left school. I'm now working for a large oil company.
A．have you done   B．were you doing
C．did you do   D．have you been doing
解析：选D　由语境“这么些年后再次见到你很高兴。你一直在干什么？”可知应用现在完成进行时。现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成的行为，强调对现在造成的影响，不符合题意。
12．(2014·湖北八市高三调考)The secretary has a lot of things to ________ in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.
A．take up   B．make up
C．work out   D．carry out
解析：选B　句意：秘书要把办公室留下的许多事补回来，因为她已外出好多天了。make up“弥补”，符合语境。
13．(2014·宿迁高三模拟)Everyone participating in the match will get a medal while the gold medal will be ________ to the winner.
A．arranged   B．delivered
C．rewarded   D．awarded
解析：选D　句意：参与比赛的每个人都会获得勋章，但是金牌将会颁发给获胜者。arrange“安排，整理”；deliver“递送”；reward“报答，酬谢”；award“授予，给予”。
14．(2014·苏南五校联考)Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away ________.
A．fleeing the thief   B．was fleeing the thief
C．the thief was fleeing   D．fled the thief
解析：选D　句意：听到狗叫得很凶，那个小偷逃跑了。表方位的副词位于句首且主语为名词时，句子应用全部倒装。再结合语境可知此处应用一般过去时。故选D。
15．(2014·无锡高三模拟)—Would you like to join us in the game?
—________， because I have an important meeting to attend.
A．No, I don't want to
B．Mind your own business
C．Thanks, I'd love to
D．I'm afraid not
解析：选D　句意：“你想加入到我们的游戏中来吗？”“恐怕不行，因为我有个重要的会议要参加。”because后面说明了不去的原因，所以排除C。A项显得生硬不礼貌，B项意为“别管闲事”，均不符合语境。D项意为“恐怕不行”，是拒绝别人时的客气表达，符合题意。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2014·安徽正阳中学第一次诊断)Chelyabinsk, Russia — A meteorite (陨石) moved quickly across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Feb. 15,2013, raining fireballs over a vast area and causing a shock wave that smashed windows, damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people.
People heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion, saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave, according to a Reuters journalist in the industrial city 1,500 km east of Moscow.
The fireball, travelling at a speed of 30 km per second according to Russian space agency Roscosmos, had blazed (熊熊燃烧) across the horizon, leaving a long white trail that could be seen as far as 200 km away.
Car alarms went off, thousands of windows were broken and mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time. The Interior Ministry said the meteorite explosion, a very rare spectacle, also released a great explosive sound.
“I was driving to work. It was quite dark, but it suddenly became bright as if it were day，” said Viktor Prokofiev, 36, a resident of Yekaterinburg in the Urals Mountains. “I felt like I was blinded by headlights.”
The meteorite, which weighed about 10 tonnes and may have been made of iron, entered Earth's atmosphere and broke apart 30 km — 50 km above ground according to Russia's Academy of Sciences.
“The  energy released when it entered the Earth's atmosphere was equal to a few kilotonnes，” the academy said, “the power of a small atomic weapon exploding.”
No deaths were reported but the Emergencies Ministry said 20,000 rescue and clean-up workers were sent to Urals Region after President Vladimir Putin told Emergencies Minister Vladimir Puchkov to ease and help the victims.
The Interior Ministry said about 1,200 people had been injured, at least 200 of them children, and most from broken pieces of glass.
语篇解读：文章报道了陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸，导致1 200人受伤的事件。
1．What do we learn about the meteorite from the passage?
A．It is a very huge ball made of iron.
B．It quickly broke apart on the ground.
C．It exploded over Russia's Urals Region.
D．It's similar to an A-bomb in weight.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“exploded over central Russia on Feb. 15,2013”以及倒数第二段中的“rescue and clean-up workers were sent to Urals Region”可知，陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸。
2．The underlined word “smashed” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．broke   B．melted
C．swallowed   D．cleared
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“causing a shock wave that smashed windows, damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people”以及第四段中的“thousands of windows were broken”可推知，smashed与broke的意思最接近。
3．We can know from the passage that ________.
A．Moscow is 1,500 kilometers away from the east of Chelyabinsk
B．many houses were destroyed, with lots of people reported missing
C．Viktor Prokofiev became blind after seeing the rare spectacle
D．the shock wave briefly influenced mobile phone networks
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time”可知D项正确。
4．Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?
A．“Meteorite Rush” Begins in Russia
B．President Putin Orders Assistance
C．Meteorite Hits Russia, 1,200 People Hurt
D．Meteorite Flies Quickly Across Russia
解析：选C　标题归纳题。第一段是本则新闻的主旨，C项既点明了事件主题“陨石袭击俄罗斯”，又报道了其后果“1 200人受伤”，所以选C项。2-1-c-n-j-y
B

(2014·扬州第二学期期中考试)There is a famous story about British poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He was writing a poem when he was interrupted by a knock at the door.
This was an age before telephones. Someone was delivering a message. When Coleridge got back to his poem, he had lost his inspiration. His poetic mood had been broken by the knock on his door. His unfinished poem, which could otherwise have been a masterpiece, would now never be more than a fragment.
This story tells how unexpected communication can destroy an important thought, which brings us to the cellphone.
The most common complaint about cellphones is that people talk on them to the annoyance of people around them. But more damaging may be the cellphone's interruption of our thoughts.
We have already entered a golden age of little white lies about our cellphones, and this is by and large (大体上) a healthy, protective development. “I didn't hear it ring” or “I didn't realize my phone had shut off” is among the lies we tell to give ourselves space where we're beyond reach.
The notion of being unreachable is not a new concept — we have “Do Not Disturb” sign on the doors of hotel rooms. So why must we feel guilty when it comes to cellphones? Why must we apologize if we decide to shut off the phone for a while?
Now time alone, or a conversation with someone next to us which cannot be interrupted by a phone, is something to be cherished. Even cellphone devotees (信徒), myself usually included, can't help at times wanting to throw their phone away, or curse the day they were invented.
But we don't and won't, and there really is no need. All that's required to take back our private time is a general social recognition that we have the right to it. In other words, we have to develop a healthy contempt for the rings of our own phones.
A cellphone call deserves no greater priority than a random word from the person next to us, though the call on my cellphone may be the one-in-a-million from Steven Spielberg — who has finally read my novel and wants to make it his next movie. But most likely it is not, and I'm better off thinking about the idea I just had for a new story, or the slice of pizza I'll eat for lunch.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过著名诗人塞缪尔·泰勒在写诗时被中断思路之后无法续写的故事引出人们的生活被手机打扰。作者就这一现象提出了自己的看法。
5．What is the point of the anecdote about the poet Coleridge in the first three paragraphs?
A．To direct readers' attention to the main topic.
B．To show how important inspiration is to a poet.
C．To emphasize the disadvantage of not having a cellphone.
D．To encourage readers to read the works of this poet.
解析：选A　写作意图题。根据文章前三段可知，作者提到Samuel Taylor Coleridge的故事就是为了吸引读者对此话题的注意。故答案选A。
6．What does the writer think about people telling “white lies” about their cellphones?
A．It is a way of signaling that you don't like the caller.
B．It is natural to tell lies about small things.
C．It is basically a good way to protect one's privacy.
D．We should feel guilty when we can't tell the truth.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第五、六、七段可得知，不接电话而给对方一个借口，一是出于礼貌说了这善意的谎言，二是为了保护自己的隐私，给自己一个私人空间和时间。故答案选C。
7．According to the author, what is the most annoying problem caused by cellphones?
A．People get so obsessed (着迷) with the cellphone rings that they fail to notice anything else.
B．People feel guilty when they are not able to answer their cellphones.
C．Cellphones interrupt people's private time.
D．With cellphones it is no longer possible to be unreachable.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句“But more damaging may be the cellphone's interruption of our thoughts.”和倒数第二段中的“All that's required to take back our private time is a general social recognition that we have the right to it.”可知，作者认为手机给人们带来的最大的烦恼就是手机会干扰人们的私人空间。故答案选C。
8．What does the last paragraph suggest?
A．A person who calls us from afar deserves more of our attention.
B．Steven Spielberg once called the author to talk about the author's novel.
C．You should always finish your lunch before you answer a call on the cellphone.
D．Never let cellphones disturb your life too much.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“A cellphone call deserves no greater priority than a random word from the person next to us”是中心句，该句意为：手机不该比任何来自身边的话语更重要。即D项“不要让手机打乱了你的生活”符合语境。故答案选D。

B卷
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2014·苏州高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测)One day, a kind woman happened to say something that hurt her best friend of many years. She __1__ immediately and would do anything to take the words back. What she said hurt the friend so __2__ that this good woman was herself hurt for the __3__ she caused. In an effort to undo what she had done, she went to an older, wiser woman in the village, explained her __4__， and asked for advice.
Listening to her, the older woman sensed the younger woman's worry and knew she must __5__ her. She also knew she could never __6__ her pain, but she could teach. She knew the outcome would only __7__ the character of the younger woman. She said, “Tonight, __8__ your best feather pillows and put a single feather on the __9__ of each house in town before the sun rises.”
The young woman hurried home to prepare for it, __10__ the feather pillows were very dear to her. __11__， she labored alone in the cold. Finally the sky was getting __12__. She placed the last feather on the steps of the last house. Just as the sun rose, she __13__ to the older woman.
“Now，” said the wise woman, “Go back and __14__ your pillows with the feather you have put on the steps. __15__ everything will be as it was before.”
“You know that's impossible! The wind __16__ away each feather as fast as I placed them on the doorsteps！” The young woman was surprised.
“That's __17__，” said the older woman. “Never forget. Each of your __18__ is like a feather in the wind. Once spoken, no amount of __19__， no matter how heartfelt or sincere, can return them to your __20__. Choose your words well and, most of all, guard them in the presence of those you love.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。说出去的话就像泼出去的水，不管我们做什么样的努力，都是无法收回的。所以我们在说话之前一定要学会三思而后言。
1．A.replied　　　　　　　　　 B．forgot
C．laughed   D．regretted
解析：选D　根据下文“would do anything to take the words back”可知，她感到后悔，故答案选D“后悔，遗憾”。A“答复”；B“忘记”；C“笑，嘲笑”。
2．A.deeply   B．slightly
C．little   D．straight
解析：选A　根据下文“was herself hurt”可知，此处表示把她朋友伤得很深，故答案选A“深深地”。B“轻微地”；C“几乎没有”；D“直接地”。
3．A.blank   B．intention
C．pain   D．mess
解析：选C　根据文章第一句中“hurt her best friend of many years”可知，此处指她说错话，给朋友造成的伤害，故答案选C“伤害，痛苦”。A“空白”；B“意图，打算”；D“困境，麻烦”。
4．A.lecture   B．situation
C．shortcomings   D．position
解析：选B　根据上文可知，她将她目前的处境(situation)说给了这位智者。A“演讲，说教”；B“处境，情形”；C“缺点”；D“位置，职位”。故答案选B。
5．A.help   B．scold
C．praise   D．punish
解析：选A　根据上文可知，年轻的女人是向智者来求助的，这位智者感觉到她的担忧并且知道必须去帮助她。故答案选A“帮助”。B“责骂”；C“表扬”；D“惩罚”。
6．A.feel   B．resist
C．remove   D．find
解析：选C　根据下文可知，说出去的话不能收回，所以造成的伤害也就无法挽回。此处与文章最后一段中“no matter how ... can return them ...”相照应。故答案选C“去除”。
7．A.contribute to   B．focus on
C．depend on   D．recover from
解析：选C　尽管这位智者知道不能帮助这个女人消除内心的痛苦，但她还是决定去教她一个道理，而这个女人是否会接受这个道理取决于她的性格，故答案选C“依靠，取决于”。A“捐献，有助于”；B“专注于”；D“从……中恢复”。
8．A.show   B．hide
C．throw   D．take
解析：选D　根据下文可知，这个女人拿着枕头将里面的羽毛放在每户人家的台阶上。由此可知，答案选D“拿着，带着”。A“出示”；B“藏起来”；C“扔掉”。
9．A.roof   B．step
C．wall   D．mailbox
解析：选B　此处与下文第三段中“She placed the last feather on the steps of the last house.”相照应。故答案选B“台阶”。
10．A.as though   B．even though
C．in case   D．so long as
解析：选B　根据语境可知，前后两句话之间是让步关系，故答案选B“尽管”。A“似乎，好像”；C“万一”；D“只要”。
11．A.Worse still   B．As a matter of fact
C．The following day   D．All night long
解析：选D　根据下文“Finally the sky ...”可知，此处指她忙了整个晚上，故答案选D。此处与上文中的“Tonight”及下文中“the sky was getting ...”“Just as the sun rose”相照应。A“更糟糕的是”；B“实际上”；C“第二天”。
12．A.light   B．dark
C．snowy   D．cloudy
解析：选A　根据下句中“Just as the sun rose”可知，此处指天快亮了，故答案选A。
13．A.appealed   B．returned
C．waved   D．nodded
解析：选B　根据语境可知，完成智者交代的事后她来见智者，故答案选B“返回”。A“上诉，呼吁”；C“挥手”；D“点头”。
14．A.sew   B．decorate
C．refill   D．preserve
解析：选C　根据下段内容可知，智者让她将羽毛重新装入枕头，故答案选C“重新装入”。A“缝纫”；B“装饰”；D“保存，预定”。
15．A.Besides   B．Or
C．Instead   D．Then
解析：选D　句意为：然后一切就会回到之前的样子了。前后句为承接关系，故答案选D。
16．A.blew   B．gave
C．put   D．drove
解析：选A　根据语境可知，此处指风会把羽毛吹走，故答案选A“吹风”。
17．A.awesome   B．elegant
C．wonderful   D．true
解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处指她说得没错，故答案选D“正确的”。
18．A.words   B．friends
C．promises   D．expectations
解析：选A　根据下文中“Once spoken”可知，此处指所说的话，故答案选A“言语”。
19．A.appetite   B．effort
C．idea   D．joke
解析：选B　句意为：说出去的话，无论你做多少努力，无论你多么情真意切，都无法收回。A“食欲，欲望”；B“努力”；C“想法”；D“笑话”。由语境可知，答案选B。
20．A.ears   B．eyes
C．mouth   D．face
解析：选C　本句话的主语应是“Each of your words”，所以根据“return”可知，此处指“说出去的话，永远也收不回来”。故答案选C。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2014·湛江高考测试) When you make a mistake, big or small, cherish it as it's the most precious thing in the world.
Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes, beat ourselves up about it, feel like failures, and get mad at ourselves.
And that's only natural: Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, and we should try to avoid mistakes. We've been scolded when we make mistakes — at home, school and work. Maybe not always, but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
Yet without mistakes, we could not learn or grow. If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in  the  world: They make  learning  possible;  they make growth and improvement possible.
By trial and error — trying things, making mistakes, and learning from those mistakes — we have figured out how to make electric lights, to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and to fly.
Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler,_make speech possible, and make works of genius possible.
Think about how we learn: We don't just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it. You don't just read about painting, or writing, or computer programming, or baking, or playing the piano, and know how to do them right away. Instead, you get information about something, from reading or from another person or from observing usually ... then you construct a model in your mind ... then you test it out by trying it in the real world ... then you make mistakes ... then you revise the model based on the results of your real world experimentation ... and repeat, making mistakes, learning from those mistakes, until you've pretty much learned how to do something.
That's how we learn as babies and toddlers, and how we learn as adults. Mistakes are how we learn to do something new — because if you succeed in something, it's probably something you already knew how to do. You haven't really grown much from that success — at most it's the last step on your journey, not the whole journey. Most of the journey is made up of mistakes, if it's a good journey.
 So if you value learning, if you value growing and improving, then you should value mistakes. They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要说明错误是生活中不可避免的事情，我们应该正确对待错误，在修正错误中不断地学习和成长。
1．Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?
A．Because mistakes make us suffer a lot.
B．Because it's a natural part in our life.
C．Because we've been taught so from a young age.
D．Because mistakes have ruined many people's careers.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话中“Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, and we should try to avoid mistakes.”可知，C项符合题意。
2．According to the passage, what is the right attitude to mistakes?
A．We should try to avoid making mistakes.
B．We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes.
C．We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn.
D．We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When you make a mistake, big or small, cherish it as it's the most precious thing in the world.”以及下文的表述可推断，人们在错误中学习和提高，故选C项。
3．The underlined word “toddler” in Paragraph 6 probably means ________.
A．a small child learning to walk
B．a kindergarten child learning to draw
C．a primary pupil learning to read
D．a school teenager learning to write
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据该词所在句子中“walking”和“smallest”可猜测，此处toddler应指“蹒跚学步的孩子”。句意：错误使幼小的孩子学会走路成为可能，使学会讲话成为可能……故选A项。
4．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．most of us can really grow from success
B．growing and improving are based on mistakes
C．we learn to make mistakes by trial and error
D．we read about something and know how to do it right away
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第八段第三句话中“You haven't really grown much from that success”可知，A项与文章不符；根据第五段第一句话“By trial and error — trying things, making mistakes, and learning from those mistakes”可知，C项与文章不符；根据第七段第一、二句话可知，D项与文章不符。根据第四段中“they make growth and improvement possible”可推断B项与文章相符。
5．The author wants to tell us ________.
A．what you should do when meeting with difficulties
B．where you can find your mistakes
C．how you can avoid making mistakes
D．why you should celebrate your mistakes
解析：选D　推理判断题。文章开头提出了文章的写作主旨，即我们应该珍惜错误。全文叙述了为什么我们应该珍惜并庆祝我们的错误。故选D项。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2014·南京高三学情调研)We all want to succeed, whether it is in losing weight, learning the guitar, speed reading, or starting our own business. For those of us who have tried and failed, success seems difficult to achieve. Why is it that one person succeeds where another person fails? I believe that successful people have developed certain habits, either naturally or through research, that the rest of us haven't yet. I have made a list of some habits to help you set goals and achieve them.
Identify your core values
What is important to you? Finding your core values may seem a bit off-topic when it comes to success, but creating goals that are in line with your values is key to creating motivation. Sit and reflect on what you value most.  Pick a handful of things and actually write them down. Remind yourself of your values every day, and reflect on whether you are honoring those values through your work.
Pick a goal
Choose one goal to start. Something large enough, while agreeing with your core values, that will give you a sense of accomplishment. Focus is key here. The more focused you are on one goal, the higher chance you have of success. If you spread yourself too thin, you might never complete your projects because they will take far too long. Believe me, multitasking cannot make you concentrated.
Set a deadline
Set a date for success. Identify when you hope to achieve your goal. Keep it realistic, while not giving yourself too much time. By setting a time limit, you are making the process more real.
Build the right mindset (心态)
Believe fully in your ability to achieve your goal. Imagine yourself having completed your goal in the exact time-frame you have chosen, although finishing early is also acceptable. You don't need to consider the failures that will happen along the way. Success is sure to come. Others may think you will fail, but don't let yourself be one of them and be positive!
Break down goals
Keep the number of tasks per day as low as you can, and focus on completing only your planned tasks for each day. Do the hardest things during your peak energy level, which usually means doing them first! Also keep in mind that completing the hardest task first is a successful way of increasing your productivity. If you put it off until later in the day, your energy level is bound to drop, and finishing the hard task will seem impossible. But, if you start off with the hardest task, when your energy level is high, you will have the focus and energy required to finish it off. By always accomplishing what's most important, you are making clear progress toward your goal.
Take risks
Push yourself. Go out of your comfort zone. This is the best way to learn, and the best way to make progress quickly.  Failure is unavoidable when you take risks, which is what you'll be doing if you want to succeed. Many people tend to give up far too early. A failure is merely you working out the details, and learning what works and what doesn't.  Treat failure as a good thing, and march on!

I believe these habits are the fundamental building blocks to enjoying any great success in life.
How to become successful
Outlines
Details

Identifying your core values
? Create goals corresponding to your values to keep you (1)________．
?Reflect on what you value most.

Picking a goal
Focus on one goal instead of doing multitasks to help you work with (2)________．

(3)________ a deadline
Identify the (4)________ to achieve your goal to make the process more real.

Building the right mindset
(5)________   yourself and stay (6)______ without worrying about failures to come.

Breaking down goals by day
?Make a good plan of your daily tasks and devote yourself     to the hardest one when you are most (7)________．
?Do the most important task (8)________  to make     progress toward your goal.

Taking risks
Push yourself out of your comfort zone and (9)________ to your goal.
Conclusion：Developing these habits above (10)________ to success.


答案：(1)motivated　(2)attention/concentration　(3)Setting21·世纪*教育网
(4)time/day/date/deadline　(5)Trust　(6)positive/optimistic　(7)energetic　(8)first　(9)stick　21*cnjy*com
(10)leads/contributes

议论文体完形填空

议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种文体，它一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文型完形填空，最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种模式：
1
观点—论证—总结
有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。

2
导入—观点—论证
有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。

3
论证—结论
有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。

[高考示例](2012·江苏高考)
The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent.In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be __36__.Solitude can be hard to discover __37__ it has been given up.In this respect, new technologies have __38__ our culture.
The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a (n) __39__ as we've known it.People have become so __40__ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted __41__ they'd rather not be.Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our __42__， but from our mobile phones as well.
Most developed nations have become __43__ on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not __44__ it would make them an outsider.__45__， many jobs and careers require people to be __46__.From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work.Being reachable might feel like a __47__ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.
I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who __48__ wants it.Computers can be shut __49__ and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and“ on” has many __50__， as well as disadvantages.Travelers have ended up __51__ on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives.They can also make people feel __52__ and forced to answer unwanted calls or __53__ to unwanted  texts.
Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society __54__ across generations.Some find today's technology a gift.Others consider it a curse.Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like __55__ daily advancements in technology.
—————[读懂文章是关键]—————
[把握大意]　本文主要介绍了独处与数字化社会的矛盾，以及数字化社会的弊端。
[理清脉络]　数码技术使得人们被联系在一起→想要独处已经变得非常困难→对于不同的人来说，数码技术的发展给人们带来了好处，也带来了不利→不同年代的人对这种技术的发展也有不同的态度→不管人们对此的观点如何，在当今社会，如果没有科技日新月异的发展，一切都很难想象。
[先自主尝试]
[再比对样板]

36.A.updated　  B．received
C.shared             D．collected
着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用文章首句解题
信息源：第一句可知在数码世界里，独处几乎不存在。

37.A.though　　B．until
C.once                D．before
着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用逻辑关系解题
信息源：文章第一句中的almost non-existent。

38.A.respected　B．shaped
C.ignored            D．preserved
着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题
信息源：文章前两句。

39.A.edge　　　B．stage
C.end                  D．balance
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用固定搭配解题
信息源：bring ...to an end“使……结束，使……终止”，是固定搭配。

40.A.sensitive　 B．intelligent
C.considerate     D．reachable
着眼点：语篇层次　方法：利用原词复现解题
信息源：第三段最后一句中的reachable。

41.A.even if　　B．only if
C.as if                 D．if only
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用逻辑关系解题
信息源：由语境知前后文是让步关系。

42.A.media　　 B．computers
C.databases        D．monitors
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用生活常识解题
信息源：根据常识，交谈、发短信等可以通过电脑或手机来做。

43.A.bent　　　B．hard
C.keen                D．dependent
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题
信息源：后半句because they've grown accustomed to it。

44.A.finding　　B．using
C.protecting        D．changing
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题
信息源：上文become dependent on digital technology。

45.A.Also　　　B．Instead
C.Otherwise        D．Somehow
着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用逻辑关系解题
信息源：空前后所述的内容是并列的。

46.A.connected　B．trained
C.recommended  D．interested
着眼点：语篇层次　方法：利用原词复现解题
信息源：文章第二段第一句。

47.A.pleasure      B.benefit
C.burden             D．disappointment
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题
信息源：下文those who ...at all times。

48.A.slightly　　B．hardly
C.merely             D．really
着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题
信息源：下文Computers can be ...turned off。

49.A.out　　　  B．down
C.up                    D．in
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用同义词复现解题
信息源：下文中的turn off与shut down是同义短语。

50.A.aspects　  B．weaknesses
C.advantages     D．exceptions
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用反义词复现解题
信息源：空后的disadvantage是advantage的反义词。

51.A.hidden　　 B．lost
C.relaxed             D．deserted
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题
信息源：空后的mobile phones ...lives。

52.A.trapped　　B．excited
C.confused           D．amused
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题
信息源：空后的forced to ...texts。

53.A.turn　　　 B．submit
C.object              D．reply
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题
信息源：本句中的forced to answer unwanted calls及unwanted texts。

54.A.vary　　　 B．arise
C.spread               D．exist
着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题
信息源：最后一段第二、三句。

55.A.beyond　　 B．within
C.despite               D．without
着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题
信息源：下文it's hard to ...like。

36～40　CCBCD　41～45　ABDBA　46～50　ACDBC　51～55　BADAD