时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
现在完成时态

⑴由have/ has ＋　过去分词
⑵表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用
Have you finished your work yet？
你完成了你的工作了吗？
Yes, I have. I have just finished it.　
I have already finished it我已经完成了。
Have you ever been to China?　你曾经去过中国吗？
No, I have never been there.　
⑶ ①表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状态连用
如：（for + 时间段，since + 时间点，或过去某一动作， 以及how long ）
② 注：非延续性动词在现在完成 时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。应转为相应的延续性动词 如：
buy---- have         die---- be dead 
join ---- be in        borrow----- keep  
leave---- be away  
I have bought a pen.
-- I have had a pen for 2 weeks.
The dog has died.
--The dog has been dead since last week.
⑷ ①have (has) been to + 地点 
去过某地 已经回来
②have (has) gone to + 地点   
去了某地 没有回来
③have been in + 地点     
             一直呆在某地 没有离开过 
如：She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(回来)
She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来)
She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.
她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)

用　法
1.现阶段经常性习惯性动作
2.目前的状态      
3.客观真理
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
表将要发生的动作或存在的状态
表现阶段正在发生或进行的动作　


常用时间状语
sometimes, often, every, usually, always 等
yesterday, the day before yesterday ，
时间段+ago ,
in +过去的时间,   just now
last week / year / month / Monday /…等一些表过去的时间
常和将来的时间连用
next day/week/ month / year …  
in the future ,  in + 时间段 ,  
the day after tomorrow，tomorrow , 
in 2020等
具体某刻时间，now , listen , look ，at the moment ,
at this moment等



肯定句
1.主语 + 动词原形
2.主语+动词第三人称单数形式
3.主语 + be的am，is, are
I like it.
She likes it.
They are girls.
1. 主语 + 动词过去式(动词的ed形式)
I worked in a hospital last year.
He worked in a hospital 3 years ago.
They went to Japan in 2000.

2. 主语 + be 动词的 was , were
I was a student last month.      
They were born in 1980.
1. 主语 + will + 动词原形        
2. 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 
1.I will work in Beijing next year.
2.She will work in Beijing next year
3.She is going to work here next year.
am
主语 + is   + 现在分词 (doing)
are 　
1. I am working now.
2. Look, she is running.
3. Listen, they are singing.


否定句
1.主语 + don’t + 动词原形
2.主语 + doesn’t + 动词原形
3.主语 + isn’t / aren’t / am not
I don’t like it.
He doesn’t like it.
He isn’t a boy.

1. 主语 + didn’t＋ 动词原形
I didn’t work in a hospital last year.
He didn’t clean his room yesterday.

2. 主语 + wasn’t , weren’t
I wasn’t a student last week.   
They weren’t born in China.
1.主语 + won’t ＋ 动词原形      
       
am not                 
2.主语 + is not + going to + 动词原形
        are not 

1. I won’t work in a hospital next year.        
2. He won’t clean his room tomorrow       
3. I am not going to work here next year.
am not
主语 + isn’t   + 现在分词(doing)
aren’t 
1. I am not working now.
2. Look, she isn’t running.
3. Listen, they aren’t singing.


一般疑问句
1.Do + 主语 + 动词原形 ？
2.Does + 主语 + 动词原形 ？
3.Am / Is / Are + 主语 ？
Do you like it?
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Does Ann like it?
  Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
Is he a student?
  Yes, he is.   No, he isn’t
1. Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + … ？
Did you work in a hospital last year?  Yes, I did.    No, I didn’t.

2. Be + 主语 …?
Was he a student last week? 
Yes, he was.     No, he  wasn’t. 
Were they born in 1980?   
Yes, they were.   No, they weren’t.

1.Will + 主语 + 动词原形 ？

Am
2. Is   +主语+ going to + 动词原形？
Are

1.Will you work in a hospital next year?
Yes, I will.   No, I won’t.
2. Is he going to be a student next week?
Yes, he is.    No, he isn’t.
Am
Is  +主语+ 现在分词（doing）?
Are
1. Are you working now?
2. Is she running?


时  态


动词形式变化规则
1、动词第三人称单数的构成规则
情　　况
方法
例词

一般情况
加－s
reads, says

以ch, sh, x,s或o 结尾的词
加－es
teaches,
guesses
finishes

以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词
把y改为i再加－es
fly--flies
try--tries
carry--carries



2、动词现在分词（doing）的构成规则
情　　况
方法
例词

一般情况
加－ing
going, studying

以不发音的字母e 结尾的词
去掉e,
再加－ing
live－living
move－moving

以重读闭音节结尾，末尾又只有一个辅音字母
双写末尾辅字母
再加－ing
plan－planning
get－getting



3、动词过去式及过去分词的构成规则
情　　况
方法
例词

一般情况
加－ed
work—worked

以不发音的字母e 结尾的词
加－d
live－lived
move－moved

以重读闭音节结尾，末尾又只有一个辅音字母
双写末尾辅字母再加－ed
plan－planned
stop—stopped

以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词
把y改为i再加－ed
study—studied